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Dominoes: All Fives, one against three, first to 250

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Four at the table with a double-six set: five tiles each and a boneyard,
the first double a spinner that opens four ways, and every multiple of
five on the ends scored as it falls. Three computer players who count
what the table can see and never a hand, and talk the whole time.

Served at games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/, built from this repository.
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# Logs
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*.log
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LICENSE
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specific requirements.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
NOTICE.md
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# Notice, credits and provenance
## What this is
An independent implementation of All Fives, the domino game, written from
scratch in TypeScript in 2026: one human against three computer players.
## The game
Dominoes is centuries old and belongs to everybody; so do All Fives and its
spinner. The rules here follow the published descriptions at
[pagat.com](https://www.pagat.com/domino/cross/all_fives.html), with the house
rules stated on the landing page. Rules are ideas, not expression, and nothing
of anybody's text is reproduced.
## What is ours
Everything else: the rules engine, the layout, the bots and their reasoning,
the table talk, the interface, the music and every other sound effect, and
every word on screen. Every tile is drawn in code, and every sound but one is
synthesized in code; there are no image files.
## The shuffle
The one recorded sound is the shuffle, in `src/audio/shuffle.mp3`: the first
3.6 seconds of **"Shuffling Dominos" by RobertWulfman** on Freesound,
- <https://freesound.org/people/RobertWulfman/sounds/220839/>, CC0 1.0
(public domain dedication)
trimmed, leveled and faded at both ends for this game. CC0 asks for nothing,
not even credit. It is credited anyway, because it was the only shuffle that
sounded like a shuffle. If the file cannot be loaded, the game falls back to a
synthesized one.
## License
Copyright (C) 2026 John Coffey.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the **GNU Affero General Public License** as published by the
Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. See [LICENSE](LICENSE).
AGPL rather than plain GPL because this is served over a network. Section 13
means anyone who runs a modified copy of this for other people over a network
has to offer them its source.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
*None of the above is legal advice.*
README.md
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# Dominoes
All Fives with a double-six set, in the browser: four at the table, five
tiles each and a boneyard, first to 250. One human against three computer players, old men
and young ones, every one of whom has something to say about your play.
## The table
**All Fives, the way it is played on a card table.** The rules are spelled
out on the landing page before anyone plays, and they follow
[pagat's All Fives](https://www.pagat.com/domino/cross/all_fives.html) with
one table's worth of house rules:
- five tiles each and eight in the boneyard; a player who cannot match
draws, one tile at a time, and knocks only when the boneyard is empty;
- the highest double dealt opens the first hand; after that the winner of
the last hand leads anything;
- the first double down is the spinner, marked with a star, and once both
its sides are covered its top and bottom open, so the line runs four ways;
- after every tile the open ends are added up -- a double on an end counts
both halves, and the spinner counts both halves until both its sides are
covered -- and a multiple of five scores on the spot;
- going out, or the lowest count in a blocked hand, scores the pips left in
the other hands to the nearest five;
- first to 250 wins, the moment they reach it, even in the middle of a hand.
The score sheet is kept the way it is at the table: a stroke for every five,
the fifth a slash through the four, so a box is twenty-five.
**No hints.** Nothing lights up to say which tiles fit or what a play would
score. You drag a tile to an end, or tap it and tap the end, and if it does
not match it comes back.
## The layout
`src/game/layout.ts`. The line is drawn from a hub -- the spinner once there
is one, otherwise the first tile -- so the spinner always sits in the middle
of the felt. Each arm turns its corners the same way round, like a pinwheel,
and each leg may run further than the last, so four arms wind outward without
meeting. `layout.test.ts` lays the table after every tile of hundreds of
hands at four widths and holds it to no tile on another and no tile floating
free.
## The bots
`src/game/bot.ts`. A bot knows what a careful player knows: its own tiles,
the table, how many each player holds, and which numbers each has knocked on.
It never looks at another hand. It prices each legal move -- points on the
board now first, then shedding weight, getting doubles down, keeping a hand it
can play, and leaving the next man stuck -- and plays the dearest. It blocks a
hand only when it is certain to hold the lowest count.
In tests a bot beats three players who always lay their heaviest tile, and
four bots win evenly from every seat.
## The talk
`src/game/talk.ts`. Every play gets a line from somebody, in a speech bubble
off the side of his seat: the man who played it, or whoever has an opinion.
It reads only what the table can see, so it never gives away a hand.
## The sound
The synth is the one the site's other games share. What is written for this
one is the table: a tile slammed onto an old folding card table (the crack,
the thin top booming, the loose legs rattling), knuckles for a knock, a pencil
stroke for every five on the sheet. The shuffle is a real recording, public
domain (CC0) from Freesound and credited in [NOTICE.md](NOTICE.md), with a
synthesized stand-in if it cannot be loaded. The music is a loop in the son idiom: clave, tumbao, piano on
the off-beats.
## Where it lives
<https://games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/>, built straight from this repository's
`main`. This is AGPL, and section 13 asks that players be offered the source
of the version they are running. Building from the published ref is what
makes that offer true.
```bash
npm install
npm run dev # http://localhost:5173
npm test
npm run build
```
index.html
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Dominoes — All Fives, in your browser</title>
<meta
name="description"
content="All Fives with a double-six set: four at the table, five tiles each and a boneyard, a spinner that opens four ways, and every multiple of five on the ends scores. You against three trash-talking computer players, first to 250. Free, no account, nothing to install."
/>
<meta name="author" content="John Coffey" />
<!--
Canonical, because the container serving this falls back to index.html
for any path under /dominoes/ rather than returning a 404. That is right
for the app and wrong for a crawler, which would otherwise be free to
index /dominoes/anything-at-all as a separate page with identical content.
-->
<link rel="canonical" href="https://games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/" />
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow,max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-video-preview:-1" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#1b2437" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Games · jcoffey.dev" />
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Dominoes — All Fives, in your browser" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/" />
<meta
property="og:description"
content="All Fives, four at the table, first to 250. You against three, and they talk."
/>
<!--
The preview image is served by the site rather than carried here, the
same as the other games: a social card is not part of the game.
-->
<meta property="og:image" content="https://games.jcoffey.dev/img/dominoes-social.png?v=2026-09-22a" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Dominoes: a line of ivory tiles snaking across green felt" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Dominoes — All Fives, in your browser" />
<meta
name="twitter:description"
content="All Fives, four at the table, first to 250. You against three, and they talk."
/>
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://games.jcoffey.dev/img/dominoes-social.png?v=2026-09-22a" />
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "VideoGame",
"name": "Dominoes",
"url": "https://games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/",
"description": "All Fives with a double-six set. Four players, five tiles each and eight in the boneyard, and the first double is a spinner that opens four ways. Every play that makes the open ends a multiple of five scores it; whoever goes out scores the pips left in the other hands. First to 250. One human against three computer players that count tiles and remember every knock.",
"genre": ["Tile game", "Board game", "Turn-based"],
"gamePlatform": "Web browser",
"applicationCategory": "GameApplication",
"operatingSystem": "Any modern web browser",
"playMode": "SinglePlayer",
"numberOfPlayers": {
"@type": "QuantitativeValue",
"value": 1
},
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "John Coffey",
"url": "https://jcoffey.dev/"
},
"license": "https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html",
"isAccessibleForFree": true,
"offers": {
"@type": "Offer",
"price": "0",
"priceCurrency": "USD",
"availability": "https://schema.org/InStock"
},
"inLanguage": "en"
}
</script>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "John Coffey",
"item": "https://jcoffey.dev/"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Games",
"item": "https://games.jcoffey.dev/"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Dominoes",
"item": "https://games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/"
}
]
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<!--
What the page says before React has said anything. A crawler that does
not run scripts, and a reader who has them turned off, both get the game
described and a way onwards rather than an empty div.
-->
<noscript>
<h1>Dominoes</h1>
<p>
All Fives with a double-six set. Four at the table, five tiles each:
match a number on any open end, or draw from the boneyard. Make the ends add up to a
multiple of five and you score it. You play against three computer
players, first to 250. It needs JavaScript to play.
</p>
<p><a href="https://games.jcoffey.dev/">The rest of the games</a></p>
<p><a href="https://git.coffeylabs.org/jcoffey-dev/dominoes">Source, AGPL-3.0-or-later</a></p>
</noscript>
<script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
</body>
</html>
package-lock.json
Generated
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package.json
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{
"name": "dominoes",
"private": true,
"version": "0.1.0",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"dev": "vite",
"build": "tsc -b && vite build",
"lint": "oxlint",
"test": "vitest run",
"preview": "vite preview"
},
"dependencies": {
"react": "^19.2.8",
"react-dom": "^19.2.8"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@types/node": "^24.13.3",
"@types/react": "^19.2.18",
"@types/react-dom": "^19.2.4",
"@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.1.0",
"oxlint": "^1.79.0",
"typescript": "~6.0.2",
"vite": "^8.2.2",
"vitest": "^3.2.7"
},
"description": "Classic double-six dominoes in the browser: the block game, one human against three computer players.",
"license": "AGPL-3.0-or-later",
"author": "John Coffey",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git+https://git.coffeylabs.org/jcoffey-dev/dominoes.git"
},
"homepage": "https://games.jcoffey.dev/dominoes/",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://git.coffeylabs.org/jcoffey-dev/dominoes/issues"
}
}
public/favicon.svg
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 64 64" role="img" aria-label="Dominoes">
<!-- The double six, standing on end. Drawn by hand, like every other mark in
this repository. -->
<rect x="15" y="3" width="34" height="58" rx="7" fill="#fffaf0" stroke="#241a10" stroke-width="3.5"/>
<line x1="20" y1="32" x2="44" y2="32" stroke="#241a10" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round"/>
<g fill="#241a10">
<circle cx="24.5" cy="11" r="3.3"/><circle cx="24.5" cy="18" r="3.3"/><circle cx="24.5" cy="25" r="3.3"/>
<circle cx="39.5" cy="11" r="3.3"/><circle cx="39.5" cy="18" r="3.3"/><circle cx="39.5" cy="25" r="3.3"/>
<circle cx="24.5" cy="39" r="3.3"/><circle cx="24.5" cy="46" r="3.3"/><circle cx="24.5" cy="53" r="3.3"/>
<circle cx="39.5" cy="39" r="3.3"/><circle cx="39.5" cy="46" r="3.3"/><circle cx="39.5" cy="53" r="3.3"/>
</g>
</svg>
Side by Side

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 880 B

src/App.css
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/* =====================================================================
Dominoes.
The site's cel look: flat fills, one heavy outline on everything, no
gradients anywhere near the table. The felt is the one big color on the
page, and the tiles are ivory on it, because that is what they are.
===================================================================== */
.app {
min-height: 100%;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 290px;
grid-template-rows: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
grid-template-areas: 'head head' 'room side';
gap: 10px 18px;
padding: clamp(10px, 2vw, 22px);
}
.app > header {
grid-area: head;
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: baseline;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 6px 12px;
}
header .ways {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-items: baseline;
gap: 6px 10px;
font-size: 0.85rem;
font-weight: 700;
}
h1 {
margin: 0;
font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3.2vw, 2.2rem);
font-weight: 900;
letter-spacing: -0.02em;
color: #ffd479;
-webkit-text-stroke: 3px #241a10;
paint-order: stroke fill;
}
button {
font: inherit;
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 0.85rem;
color: #f2e9d8;
background: #22304a;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 7px;
padding: 4px 11px;
cursor: pointer;
}
button:disabled { opacity: 0.4; cursor: default; }
button:focus-visible, .pad:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #ffd479; outline-offset: 1px; }
button.go {
color: #241a10;
background: #ffd479;
font-weight: 800;
}
.sound[aria-pressed='false'] { color: #8c98ab; background: #1b2437; }
/* Red, because this one cannot be taken back. */
.leave { color: #ffb3a7; background: #2c3b57; }
header select {
font: inherit;
font-weight: 700;
color: #f2e9d8;
background: #22304a;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 1px 6px;
}
.dim { color: #a3b3c9; }
.small { font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; }
.row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ the tiles */
.tile rect { fill: #fffaf0; stroke: #241a10; stroke-width: 0.07; }
.tile line { stroke: #241a10; stroke-width: 0.05; stroke-linecap: round; }
.tile .pip { fill: #241a10; }
.tile.last rect { fill: #fff1c7; stroke: #b3770f; stroke-width: 0.1; }
.tile.spinner rect { stroke: #c8452f; stroke-width: 0.12; }
.spin-mark circle { fill: #c8452f; stroke: #241a10; stroke-width: 0.07; }
.spin-mark path { fill: #ffd479; }
/* Where a held tile can be put down. The same at both ends, fit or not. */
.pad { cursor: pointer; }
.pad .aim { fill: transparent; }
.pad .spot { fill: rgba(255, 250, 240, 0.12); stroke: #cfe8d9; stroke-width: 0.07; stroke-dasharray: 0.2 0.12; }
.pad:hover .spot, .pad.hot .spot { fill: rgba(255, 212, 121, 0.35); stroke: #ffd479; stroke-width: 0.1; }
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ the room */
.room {
grid-area: room;
min-width: 0;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr) 150px;
grid-template-areas:
'. north .'
'west felt east'
'mine mine mine';
gap: 10px;
align-items: center;
align-content: start;
}
.felt {
grid-area: felt;
position: relative;
min-height: 260px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
padding: 10px;
background: #2f6b4f;
border: 3px solid #241a10;
border-radius: 18px;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 6px #285c44;
}
.line { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
.waiting {
position: absolute;
margin: 0;
color: #cfe8d9;
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.seat {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 5px;
padding: 8px 6px;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 10px;
background: #1b2437;
min-width: 0;
}
.seat.north { grid-area: north; justify-self: center; min-width: 180px; }
.seat.west { grid-area: west; }
.seat.east { grid-area: east; }
.seat.turn, .mine.turn { box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px #ffd479; }
.seat header, .mine header { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; }
.pts {
font-weight: 900;
color: #241a10;
background: #ffd479;
border: 2px solid #241a10;
border-radius: 999px;
padding: 0 7px;
font-size: 0.8rem;
font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.backs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 3px; min-height: 26px; }
.seat.west .backs, .seat.east .backs { flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: nowrap; }
.back {
width: 13px;
height: 24px;
border: 2px solid #241a10;
border-radius: 3px;
background: #3a5a88;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #4e72a6;
}
.seat.west .back, .seat.east .back { width: 24px; height: 13px; }
.compass { margin-top: -4px; font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #8c98ab; }
.seat header { max-width: 100%; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; text-align: center; }
/* The talk comes out of the man saying it: a comic bubble off the side of
his seat that faces the table, with its tail pointing back at him. It
floats over the felt rather than pushing anything about. */
.seat { position: relative; }
.speech {
position: absolute;
z-index: 5;
width: max-content;
max-width: 220px;
margin: 0;
padding: 8px 12px;
font-size: 0.86rem;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 1.3;
text-align: center;
color: #241a10;
background: #fffaf0;
border: 3px solid #241a10;
border-radius: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
pointer-events: none;
animation: pop 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.3, 1.6, 0.6, 1);
}
.speech::before,
.speech::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
border: solid transparent;
}
.seat.north .speech { top: calc(100% + 14px); left: 50%; translate: -50% 0; transform-origin: top center; }
.seat.north .speech::before { bottom: 100%; left: calc(50% - 12px); border-width: 0 12px 14px; border-bottom-color: #241a10; }
.seat.north .speech::after { bottom: calc(100% - 4px); left: calc(50% - 8px); border-width: 0 8px 10px; border-bottom-color: #fffaf0; }
.seat.west .speech { left: calc(100% + 16px); top: 18px; transform-origin: left center; }
.seat.west .speech::before { right: 100%; top: 10px; border-width: 10px 14px 10px 0; border-right-color: #241a10; }
.seat.west .speech::after { right: calc(100% - 4px); top: 14px; border-width: 6px 10px 6px 0; border-right-color: #fffaf0; }
.seat.east .speech { right: calc(100% + 16px); top: 18px; transform-origin: right center; }
.seat.east .speech::before { left: 100%; top: 10px; border-width: 10px 0 10px 14px; border-left-color: #241a10; }
.seat.east .speech::after { left: calc(100% - 4px); top: 14px; border-width: 6px 0 6px 10px; border-left-color: #fffaf0; }
/* Your own bubble comes up out of your seat, over the table. */
.mine { position: relative; }
.mine > .speech { bottom: calc(100% + 14px); left: 50%; translate: -50% 0; transform-origin: bottom center; max-width: min(360px, 90%); }
.mine > .speech::before { top: 100%; left: calc(50% - 12px); border-width: 14px 12px 0; border-top-color: #241a10; }
.mine > .speech::after { top: calc(100% - 4px); left: calc(50% - 8px); border-width: 10px 8px 0; border-top-color: #fffaf0; }
.mine header .trash { margin-left: 6px; padding: 2px 9px; font-size: 0.75rem; color: #ffb3a7; }
.trash-menu {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 5px;
width: min(460px, 100%);
padding: 8px;
background: #22304a;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 10px;
}
.trash-menu button { text-align: left; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.3; background: #1b2437; }
.trash-menu button:hover { background: #3c527a; }
.trash-menu .more { align-self: flex-end; text-align: center; color: #ffd479; background: none; }
@keyframes pop { from { transform: scale(0.4); opacity: 0; } to { transform: none; opacity: 1; } }
.bubble { margin: 0; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 800; color: #ffd479; min-height: 1.2em; }
.mine {
grid-area: mine;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 8px;
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 12px;
background: #1b2437;
}
.hand { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.held {
padding: 0;
border: none;
background: none;
border-radius: 8px;
transition: transform 0.12s;
}
.held .face { display: block; width: 46px; height: 92px; }
.held:disabled { opacity: 1; cursor: default; }
/* Every tile the same: which of them fit is for the player to see. */
.mine.turn .held { cursor: grab; touch-action: none; }
.mine.turn .held:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); }
.held.lifted { transform: translateY(-12px); }
.held.lifted .tile rect { stroke: #ffd479; stroke-width: 0.1; }
.held.dragging { opacity: 0.25; }
.floating {
position: fixed;
z-index: 10;
pointer-events: none;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-6deg) scale(1.08);
filter: drop-shadow(0 10px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
}
.floating .face { display: block; width: 46px; height: 92px; }
.pick { font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 700; min-height: 30px; justify-content: center; }
.knock { color: #ffd479; }
.refusal { color: #ffb3a7; }
/* ---------------------------------------------------------- the count */
/* Points scored, called out on the felt: the number, big, rising and gone. */
.callout {
position: absolute;
inset: 0;
margin: 0;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
pointer-events: none;
animation: called 1.8s ease-out forwards;
}
.callout span {
font-size: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 5.5rem);
font-weight: 900;
line-height: 1;
color: #ffd479;
-webkit-text-stroke: 4px #241a10;
paint-order: stroke fill;
}
.callout small { font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 900; color: #fffaf0; text-shadow: 0 2px 0 #241a10; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
@keyframes called {
0% { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5); }
12% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.1); }
22% { transform: scale(1); }
75% { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(-8px); }
100% { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-24px); }
}
.tally { display: inline-flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1px; vertical-align: middle; }
.tally.empty { color: #5d6b80; }
.tally-line { display: flex; gap: 3px; }
.house { width: 26px; height: 19px; }
.house line { stroke: #f2e9d8; stroke-width: 2.4; stroke-linecap: round; }
.house .slash { stroke: #ffd479; }
.table td.marks { text-align: left; padding-left: 6px; }
/* ---------------------------------------------------------- the shuffle */
.shuffle { position: absolute; inset: 0; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 14px; pointer-events: none; }
.tile-back {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
width: 22px;
height: 44px;
border: 2px solid #241a10;
border-radius: 4px;
background: #3a5a88;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px #4e72a6;
transition-property: transform, opacity;
transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.45, 0, 0.3, 1);
}
/* The boneyard, in the felt's corner, where the shuffle leaves it. */
.boneyard {
position: absolute;
left: 10px;
top: 10px;
z-index: 2;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-start;
gap: 4px;
padding: 6px;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
border: 2px dashed rgba(207, 232, 217, 0.35);
border-radius: 10px;
}
.boneyard:hover { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22); }
.boneyard .pile { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 13px); gap: 2px; min-height: 22px; }
.boneyard .label { font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 800; color: #cfe8d9; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
.tile-back.small { position: static; display: block; width: 13px; height: 24px; border-width: 2px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #4e72a6; transition: none; }
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ the end */
.ending {
position: absolute;
inset: 50% auto auto 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: min(460px, 94%);
padding: 16px 18px;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 10px;
background: #1b2437;
box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}
.ending h2 { margin: 0 0 6px; color: #ffd479; font-size: 1.25rem; }
.ending p { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #cbd6e6; line-height: 1.45; }
.ending .final { font-weight: 800; color: #f2e9d8; }
.reveal { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.reveal th { text-align: left; padding: 3px 8px 3px 0; white-space: nowrap; }
.reveal td { padding: 3px 0; }
.reveal .num { text-align: right; font-weight: 800; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.reveal tr.won th, .reveal tr.won .num { color: #ffd479; }
.shown { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 3px; }
.shown .face { width: 15px; height: 30px; }
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ the side */
.side {
grid-area: side;
min-height: 0;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 14px;
font-size: 0.86rem;
}
.side section { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
.side p { margin: 0; line-height: 1.45; }
.side h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 0.95rem; color: #ffd479; }
.now {
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid #2b2318;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #22304a;
font-weight: 700;
}
.table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.table th, .table td { padding: 2px 4px; text-align: right; }
.table thead th { font-size: 0.72rem; color: #a3b3c9; font-weight: 700; }
.table tbody th { text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; }
.table tr.now th { color: #ffd479; }
.log ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 3px; }
.log li { font-size: 0.78rem; line-height: 1.35; color: #cbd6e6; }
.log li.heading { margin-top: 5px; color: #ffd479; font-weight: 700; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
.app {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
grid-template-areas: 'head' 'room' 'side';
}
}
/* On a phone the three opponents sit in a row above the felt. The table's
geometry is lost, but the felt gets the whole width, which it needs more. */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
.room {
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
grid-template-areas:
'west north east'
'felt felt felt'
'mine mine mine';
gap: 8px;
}
.seat.north { min-width: 0; justify-self: stretch; }
.seat.west .backs, .seat.east .backs { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.seat.west .back, .seat.east .back { width: 10px; height: 18px; }
.back { width: 10px; height: 18px; }
.felt { min-height: 200px; padding: 6px; border-radius: 12px; }
/* The seats are a row above the felt here, so every bubble drops down
out of its seat, held to its own side of the screen. */
.seat.west .speech, .seat.north .speech, .seat.east .speech {
top: calc(100% + 14px);
right: auto;
max-width: 62vw;
transform-origin: top center;
}
.seat.west .speech { left: 0; translate: none; }
.seat.north .speech { left: 50%; translate: -50% 0; }
.seat.east .speech { left: auto; right: 0; translate: none; }
.seat.west .speech::before, .seat.east .speech::before { top: auto; bottom: 100%; left: 18px; right: auto; border-width: 0 12px 14px; border-color: transparent transparent #241a10; }
.seat.west .speech::after, .seat.east .speech::after { top: auto; bottom: calc(100% - 4px); left: 22px; right: auto; border-width: 0 8px 10px; border-color: transparent transparent #fffaf0; }
.seat.east .speech::before { left: auto; right: 18px; }
.seat.east .speech::after { left: auto; right: 22px; }
.hand { gap: 5px; }
.held .face { width: 38px; height: 76px; }
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------- the landing */
.landing {
max-width: 1100px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: clamp(16px, 4vw, 48px);
line-height: 1.55;
}
.landing header { display: block; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.landing h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 3.4rem); }
.landing .tagline { font-size: 1.1rem; color: #a3b3c9; margin: 6px 0 0; }
.hero { display: flex; gap: 10px; margin-top: 18px; }
.hero .face { width: 40px; height: 80px; }
.hero .face:nth-child(2) { transform: rotate(-8deg); }
.hero .face:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(5deg) translateY(4px); }
.hero .face:nth-child(4) { transform: rotate(-3deg); }
.landing .cols {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
gap: 4px 36px;
}
.landing h2 { font-size: 1.05rem; color: #ffd479; margin: 22px 0 6px; letter-spacing: 0.02em; }
.landing p { margin: 0 0 10px; }
.landing ol { margin: 0 0 10px; padding-left: 1.3em; }
.landing ol li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.landing strong { color: #f2e9d8; }
.landing a { color: #7fc4e8; }
.landing .choose { margin-top: 26px; }
.landing .choose p { margin: 10px 0 0; }
.landing .choose .start {
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 800;
color: #241a10;
background: #ffd479;
padding: 10px 26px;
}
.landing footer {
margin-top: 34px;
padding-top: 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #2f3b52;
font-size: 0.82rem;
color: #8c98ab;
}
.landing footer p { margin: 0 0 8px; }
.landing footer .ways { font-size: 0.95rem; color: #cbd6e6; margin-bottom: 12px; }
src/App.tsx
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import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
import './App.css'
import { playFor } from './audio/play'
import { PORCH } from './audio/score'
import { synth } from './audio/synth'
import { Landing } from './components/Landing'
import { lastActs, Seat, Shown } from './components/Seats'
import { Shuffle } from './components/Shuffle'
import { Side } from './components/Side'
import { Table } from './components/Table'
import { TileFace } from './components/Tile'
import { leanings, step, type Leaning } from './game/bot'
import { banter, comeback } from './game/talk'
import { fiveLines } from './game/trash'
import { Game, SEATS, type Side as End } from './game/game'
import { count, TILES, tileName, type Tile } from './game/tiles'
export type Speed = 'steady' | 'quick' | 'instant'
const HUMAN = 0
const TARGET = 250
/**
* How long a man takes over his turn, in milliseconds, at steady.
*
* Like a real table: nobody plays the instant it comes round. A man with
* one tile that fits still looks at it a second; a man with choices turns
* his tiles over in his hand; a man with nothing takes a moment to be sure
* before he knocks. The old men take their time, and nobody hurries them.
*/
function thinking(game: Game, speed: Speed): number {
const moves = game.legal().length
// A man fishing in the boneyard reaches for each tile quicker than he thinks over a play.
const base = game.mustDraw ? 700 : moves === 0 ? 1600 : moves === 1 ? 1800 : 2400 + Math.min(moves, 5) * 300
const old = game.people[game.current].age === 'old' ? 1.3 : 1
const t = (base + Math.random() * 1500) * old
return speed === 'steady' ? t : t * 0.4
}
/** How long a line of talk stays up. */
const TALK_MS = 3600
interface Held {
tile: Tile
/** Where the pointer is, while dragging; null when the tile was tapped and lifted. */
at: { x: number; y: number } | null
}
export default function App() {
const [screen, setScreen] = useState<'landing' | 'game'>('landing')
const [version, setVersion] = useState(0)
const bump = useCallback(() => setVersion((v) => v + 1), [])
const gameRef = useRef<Game | null>(null)
const leanRef = useRef<Leaning[]>([])
const seen = useRef(0)
const [speed, setSpeed] = useState<Speed>('steady')
const [music, setMusic] = useState(true)
const [sfx, setSfx] = useState(true)
const [held, setHeld] = useState<Held | null>(null)
const [hot, setHot] = useState<End | null>(null)
const [leaving, setLeaving] = useState(false)
/** The tiles are being washed and drawn. Nobody plays until they are. */
const [shuffling, setShuffling] = useState(false)
const shufflingRef = useRef(false)
shufflingRef.current = shuffling
/** Takes down the listeners of the drag in progress, if there is one. */
const dropDrag = useRef<(() => void) | null>(null)
/** What each man last said, and when it came down. */
const [talk, setTalk] = useState<Record<number, { text: string; id: number }>>({})
const [refusal, setRefusal] = useState<string | null>(null)
/** The player's five lines on offer, when the trash-talk menu is open. */
const [lines, setLines] = useState<string[] | null>(null)
/** Points just scored, called out big on the felt for a moment. */
const [callout, setCallout] = useState<{ seat: number; points: number; id: number } | null>(null)
const g = gameRef.current
const say = useCallback((seat: number, text: string) => {
const id = Date.now() + Math.random()
setTalk((t) => ({ ...t, [seat]: { text, id } }))
window.setTimeout(() => setTalk((t) => (t[seat]?.id === id ? Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(t).filter(([k]) => Number(k) !== seat)) : t)), TALK_MS)
}, [])
/** Everything that happens goes through here: the sound, the talk, and a redraw. */
const settle = useCallback(() => {
const game = gameRef.current
if (!game) return
const fresh = game.events.slice(seen.current)
seen.current = game.events.length
playFor(fresh, HUMAN)
const scored = fresh.findLast((e) => e.kind === 'score')
if (scored?.kind === 'score') {
const id = Date.now()
setCallout({ seat: scored.seat, points: scored.points, id })
window.setTimeout(() => setCallout((c) => (c?.id === id ? null : c)), 1800)
}
// One line per batch, about the last thing in it that anybody would talk about.
for (let i = fresh.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
const chat = banter(fresh[i], game, game.people, HUMAN, Math.random)
if (chat) {
say(chat.seat, chat.text)
break
}
}
if (game.phase === 'over') synth.stopTune()
dropDrag.current?.()
setHeld(null)
setHot(null)
setRefusal(null)
bump()
}, [bump, say])
// ------------------------------------------------------ the other three
// Keyed on the version, not on every render: a line of talk going up or
// coming down must not restart a man's think.
useEffect(() => {
const game = gameRef.current
if (!game || screen !== 'game' || game.phase !== 'play' || shuffling) return
if (game.current === HUMAN) return
if (speed === 'instant') {
// Straight round to the next thing that needs a person. A hand is at
// most a few dozen moves; the ceiling is for a bug, not a game.
const id = window.setTimeout(() => {
for (let i = 0; i < 200 && game.phase === 'play' && game.current !== HUMAN; i++) step(game, leanRef.current[game.current])
settle()
}, 250)
return () => window.clearTimeout(id)
}
const id = window.setTimeout(() => {
step(game, leanRef.current[game.current])
settle()
}, thinking(game, speed))
return () => window.clearTimeout(id)
}, [version, screen, shuffling, speed, settle])
// ------------------------------------------------------------- sound
useEffect(() => {
synth.setMusic(music)
}, [music])
useEffect(() => {
synth.setSfx(sfx)
}, [sfx])
// ---------------------------------------------------------- starting
const start = () => {
synth.ensure()
const seed = (Date.now() ^ (Math.random() * 0x7fffffff)) >>> 0
gameRef.current = new Game(seed, TARGET)
leanRef.current = leanings(seed, SEATS)
seen.current = 0
setHeld(null)
setTalk({})
setLeaving(false)
setShuffling(true)
setScreen('game')
if (music) synth.playTune(PORCH)
settle()
}
/** The player says something. Most of the time, somebody answers. */
const talkTrash = (text: string) => {
say(HUMAN, text)
setLines(null)
if (Math.random() < 0.7) {
const back = comeback(gameRef.current!.people, HUMAN, Math.random)
window.setTimeout(() => say(back.seat, back.text), 1300 + Math.random() * 900)
}
}
const leave = () => {
synth.stopTune()
gameRef.current = null
setScreen('landing')
}
const nextHand = () => {
gameRef.current?.nextHand()
setShuffling(true)
settle()
}
// ------------------------------------------------ the player's moves
const mine = g !== null && g.phase === 'play' && g.current === HUMAN && !shuffling
/**
* Whether the player may put a tile down right now, asked of the game
* itself rather than of whatever this render remembered: a drag outlives
* the render it started in, and it must not land on somebody else's turn.
*/
const myTurn = () => {
const game = gameRef.current
return game !== null && game.phase === 'play' && game.current === HUMAN && !shufflingRef.current
}
/**
* Put the held tile down at an end. If it does not match there, it goes
* back in the hand with a noise, and that is all the table says about it.
*/
const put = (tile: Tile, side: End) => {
const g = gameRef.current
if (!g || !myTurn() || !g.hands[HUMAN].includes(tile)) return
if (!g.fits(tile, side)) {
synth.reject()
setHeld(null)
setHot(null)
setRefusal(g.center ? 'That one doesn’t go there.' : 'The double six opens the first hand.')
return
}
g.play(tile, side)
settle()
}
const knock = () => {
const g = gameRef.current
if (!g || !myTurn()) return
if (g.legal().length) {
synth.reject()
setRefusal('You can’t knock with a play in your hand.')
return
}
if (g.boneyard.length) {
synth.reject()
setRefusal('Not while there’s tiles in the boneyard. Draw.')
return
}
g.pass()
settle()
}
/** Take a tile from the boneyard. Refused, with no more said, if anything in hand would go. */
const draw = () => {
const g = gameRef.current
if (!g || !myTurn()) return
if (!g.center) return
if (!g.boneyard.length) {
synth.reject()
setRefusal('The boneyard’s empty.')
return
}
if (g.legal().length) {
synth.reject()
setRefusal('You can’t draw with a play in your hand.')
return
}
g.draw()
settle()
}
/** Which end, if any, a point on the screen is over: the one under it, or the nearest within reach. */
const endAt = (x: number, y: number): End | null => {
const under = document.elementFromPoint(x, y)?.closest('[data-side]')
if (under) return under.getAttribute('data-side') as End
let best: End | null = null
let dist = 70
for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('.pad')) {
const r = el.getBoundingClientRect()
const d = Math.hypot(x - (r.left + r.width / 2), y - (r.top + r.height / 2))
if (d < dist) {
dist = d
best = el.getAttribute('data-side') as End
}
}
return best
}
/** Pick a tile up. Drag it to an end and let go, or tap it to lift it and then tap an end. */
const grab = (tile: Tile, e: React.PointerEvent) => {
if (!myTurn() || e.button !== 0) return
e.preventDefault()
// Only ever one drag. A pointer-up the browser never delivered must not
// leave an old one listening, ready to drop a tile on the next click.
dropDrag.current?.()
const sx = e.clientX
const sy = e.clientY
let dragging = false
const move = (ev: PointerEvent) => {
if (!dragging && Math.hypot(ev.clientX - sx, ev.clientY - sy) < 6) return
if (!dragging) synth.tap()
dragging = true
setHeld({ tile, at: { x: ev.clientX, y: ev.clientY } })
setHot(endAt(ev.clientX, ev.clientY))
}
const stop = () => {
window.removeEventListener('pointermove', move)
window.removeEventListener('pointerup', up)
window.removeEventListener('pointercancel', up)
dropDrag.current = null
}
const up = (ev: PointerEvent) => {
stop()
if (!dragging) {
// A tap: lift it, or put it back if it was already lifted.
setHeld((h) => (h?.tile === tile ? null : { tile, at: null }))
setRefusal(null)
synth.tap()
return
}
const side = ev.type === 'pointerup' ? endAt(ev.clientX, ev.clientY) : null
setHot(null)
if (side) put(tile, side)
else setHeld(null)
}
window.addEventListener('pointermove', move)
window.addEventListener('pointerup', up)
window.addEventListener('pointercancel', up)
dropDrag.current = stop
}
useEffect(() => {
const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
if (e.key === 'Escape') setHeld(null)
}
window.addEventListener('keydown', onKey)
return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey)
}, [])
if (screen === 'landing' || !g) {
return <Landing target={TARGET} onStart={start} />
}
const acts = lastActs(g)
const lastPlay = g.events.findLast((e) => e.kind === 'play' || e.kind === 'deal')
const last = lastPlay?.kind === 'play' ? lastPlay.tile : null
const ended = g.phase === 'over'
const lifted = held?.tile ?? null
return (
<div className="app">
<header>
<h1>Dominoes</h1>
<nav className="ways">
<label>
Pace{' '}
<select value={speed} onChange={(e) => setSpeed(e.target.value as Speed)}>
<option value="steady">real</option>
<option value="quick">quick</option>
<option value="instant">instant</option>
</select>
</label>
<button
type="button"
className="sound"
aria-pressed={music}
onClick={() => {
const on = !music
setMusic(on)
if (on && !ended) synth.playTune(PORCH, false)
}}
>
Music
</button>
<button type="button" className="sound" aria-pressed={sfx} onClick={() => setSfx(!sfx)}>
Sound
</button>
{leaving ? (
<>
<button type="button" className="leave" onClick={leave}>
Yes, leave the table
</button>
<button type="button" className="sound" onClick={() => setLeaving(false)}>
Keep playing
</button>
</>
) : (
<button type="button" className="leave" onClick={() => (ended ? leave() : setLeaving(true))}>
New game
</button>
)}
</nav>
</header>
<main className="room">
{([[2, 'north'], [1, 'west'], [3, 'east']] as const).map(([seat, where]) => (
<Seat key={seat} game={g} seat={seat} where={where} act={acts[seat]} hidden={shuffling} says={talk[seat]?.text ?? null} />
))}
<Table game={g} shuffling={shuffling} held={mine ? lifted : null} hot={hot} last={last} onEnd={(side) => lifted !== null && put(lifted, side)} onDraw={draw}>
{shuffling && <Shuffle onDone={() => setShuffling(false)} />}
{callout && (
<p key={callout.id} className={`callout seat-${callout.seat}`} aria-live="polite">
<span>{callout.points}</span>
<small>{callout.seat === HUMAN ? 'you score' : g.names[callout.seat]}</small>
</p>
)}
{g.phase !== 'play' && g.result && <Result game={g} onNext={nextHand} onLeave={leave} />}
</Table>
<section className={`mine${mine ? ' turn' : ''}`} aria-label="Your tiles">
<header>
<strong>You</strong>
<span className="pts">{g.scores[HUMAN]}</span>
<button type="button" className="trash" aria-expanded={lines !== null} onClick={() => setLines(lines ? null : fiveLines())}>
Talk trash
</button>
</header>
{talk[HUMAN] && (
<p key={talk[HUMAN].text} className="speech" role="status">
{talk[HUMAN].text}
</p>
)}
{lines && (
<div className="trash-menu" role="menu" aria-label="Say something">
{lines.map((l) => (
<button key={l} type="button" role="menuitem" onClick={() => talkTrash(l)}>
{l}
</button>
))}
<button type="button" className="more" onClick={() => setLines(fiveLines())}>
Five more
</button>
</div>
)}
<ul className="hand">
{(shuffling ? [] : g.hands[HUMAN]).map((t) => (
<li key={t}>
<button
type="button"
className={`held${lifted === t ? (held?.at ? ' dragging' : ' lifted') : ''}`}
disabled={!mine}
aria-pressed={lifted === t}
aria-label={`The ${tileName(t)}`}
onPointerDown={(e) => grab(t, e)}
onClick={(e) => {
// Keyboard only: a pointer has already been handled on the way down.
if (e.detail === 0) setHeld((h) => (h?.tile === t ? null : { tile: t, at: null }))
}}
>
<TileFace first={TILES[t][1]} second={TILES[t][0]} />
</button>
</li>
))}
</ul>
{mine && (
<p className="row pick">
{lifted !== null && g.center && (
<>
<button type="button" onClick={() => put(lifted, 'left')}>
Left end
</button>
<button type="button" onClick={() => put(lifted, 'right')}>
Right end
</button>
</>
)}
{lifted !== null && !g.center && (
<button type="button" onClick={() => put(lifted, 'right')}>
Lead it
</button>
)}
{g.center && (
<>
<button type="button" className="knock" onClick={draw}>
Draw
</button>
<button type="button" className="knock" onClick={knock}>
Knock
</button>
</>
)}
{refusal && <span className="refusal">{refusal}</span>}
</p>
)}
</section>
</main>
<Side game={g} human={HUMAN} shuffling={shuffling} />
{held?.at && (
<div className="floating" style={{ left: held.at.x, top: held.at.y }} aria-hidden="true">
<TileFace first={TILES[held.tile][1]} second={TILES[held.tile][0]} />
</div>
)}
</div>
)
}
/** The end of a hand: everybody's tiles turned over, and the count. */
function Result({ game, onNext, onLeave }: { game: Game; onNext: () => void; onLeave: () => void }) {
const r = game.result!
const over = game.phase === 'over'
const you = r.winner === HUMAN
const headline = over
? r.how === 'reached'
? game.winner === HUMAN
? `You hit ${game.target}. The game is yours.`
: `${game.names[game.winner!]} hits ${game.target} and takes the game.`
: game.winner === HUMAN
? 'You win the game.'
: `${game.names[game.winner!]} wins the game.`
: r.how === 'domino'
? you
? 'Domino! You went out.'
: `${game.names[r.winner!]} went out.`
: r.winner === null
? 'Blocked, and tied.'
: `Blocked. ${you ? 'Your' : `${game.names[r.winner]}’s`} count is lowest.`
const sub =
r.how === 'reached'
? 'It ended on that tile, in the middle of the hand. Here is what everybody was holding.'
: r.winner === null
? 'Two hands tie for the lowest count, so nobody scores. The lead passes to the left.'
: `${r.pips} pips left in the other hands. ${you ? 'You score' : `${game.names[r.winner]} scores`} ${r.points}.`
const final = over ? [...game.scores].map((s, i) => `${game.names[i]} ${s}`).join(' · ') : null
return (
<div className="ending" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-label={headline}>
<h2>{headline}</h2>
<p>{sub}</p>
<table className="reveal">
<tbody>
{r.hands.map((h, s) => (
<tr key={s} className={s === r.winner ? 'won' : ''}>
<th>{game.names[s]}</th>
<td>
<Shown tiles={h} />
</td>
<td className="num">{count(h)}</td>
</tr>
))}
</tbody>
</table>
{final && <p className="final">{final}</p>}
<div className="row">
{over ? (
<button type="button" className="go" onClick={onLeave}>
Another game
</button>
) : (
<button type="button" className="go" onClick={onNext} autoFocus>
Next hand
</button>
)}
</div>
</div>
)
}
src/audio/play.ts
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import type { GameEvent } from '../game/game'
import { isDouble, pips } from '../game/tiles'
import { synth } from './synth'
/**
* What a batch of events sounds like.
*
* At a steady pace a batch is one move and gets its sound. At speed it can
* be a whole round of the table, and four clacks at once are one clatter --
* so a batch makes at most one noise, the most important thing in it, in this
* order: the game, the hand, a tile (and its points), a draw, a knock. A fresh deal makes no sound
* here: the shuffle on screen makes its own, in time with the tiles.
*/
export function playFor(events: readonly GameEvent[], human: number) {
if (!synth.sfxOn || events.length === 0) return
const find = <K extends GameEvent['kind']>(kind: K) =>
events.findLast((e): e is Extract<GameEvent, { kind: K }> => e.kind === kind)
const win = find('win')
if (win) return win.seat === human ? synth.victory() : synth.defeat()
const out = find('domino')
if (out) return synth.domino(out.seat === human)
if (find('block')) return synth.blocked()
const play = find('play')
// Harder for a double and for weight, the way people slam them -- and a
// play that scores comes down hardest of all, then goes on the sheet.
const score = find('score')
if (play) synth.smack(score ? 1 : isDouble(play.tile) ? 0.95 : 0.45 + pips(play.tile) / 24)
if (score) synth.tally(score.points / 5)
if (play) return
if (find('draw')) return synth.slide()
if (find('pass')) return synth.knock()
}
src/audio/score.ts
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import type { Tune } from './synth'
/**
* The score: one loop for the table, and what it is.
*
* Not a quotation of anything. Dominoes is the game on the porch and in the
* park across the Caribbean, so the idiom is the one that goes with it --
* a son clave, a bass that lands ahead of the beat, piano stabs on the
* off-beats -- and none of that belongs to anybody. The tune over the top is
* this game's own.
*
* F major, four bars: I, IV, V7, I, and round again. The bass is the
* tumbao: it plays the fifth on the "and" of two and jumps to the next
* chord's root on four, so every bar arrives before it starts. The clave is
* 3-2, on a pitched tick rather than a drum, because a clave is a pair of
* sticks and a drum kit does not have one.
*/
const bar = (...steps: string[]) => steps
export const PORCH: Tune = {
bpm: 100,
stepsPerBeat: 4,
tracks: [
{
// The tune.
wave: 'triangle',
gain: 0.2,
gate: 0.85,
notes: [
...bar('A4', '=', '=', 'C5', '=', '=', 'F5', '=', '=', '=', 'E5', '=', 'D5', '=', 'C5', '='),
...bar('D5', '=', '=', '=', '.', '.', 'D5', '=', 'F5', '=', '=', '=', 'D5', '=', 'A#4', '='),
...bar('C5', '=', '=', 'E5', '=', '=', 'G5', '=', '=', '=', 'F5', '=', 'E5', '=', 'D5', '='),
...bar('C5', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'A4', '=', '=', '=', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'),
],
},
{
// Piano, on the off-beats.
wave: 'pulse25',
gain: 0.035,
gate: 0.45,
notes: [
...bar('.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.'),
...bar('.', '.', 'F4/A#4/D5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A#4/D5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A#4/D5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A#4/D5', '.'),
...bar('.', '.', 'E4/G4/A#4', '.', '.', '.', 'E4/G4/A#4', '.', '.', '.', 'E4/G4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'E4/G4/A#4', '.'),
...bar('.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.', '.', '.', 'F4/A4/C5', '.'),
],
},
{
// The tumbao.
wave: 'triangle',
gain: 0.26,
gate: 0.9,
notes: [
...bar('=', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'C3', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'A#1', '=', '=', '='),
...bar('=', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'F2', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'C2', '=', '=', '='),
...bar('=', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'G2', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'F2', '=', '=', '='),
...bar('=', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'C3', '=', '=', '=', '=', '=', 'F2', '=', '=', '='),
],
},
{
// The clave, 3-2, twice.
wave: 'triangle',
gain: 0.07,
gate: 0.12,
notes: [
...bar('E6', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.'),
...bar('.', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'),
...bar('E6', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.'),
...bar('.', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.', 'E6', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'),
],
},
{
// A shaker on the eighths, and a soft low drum on one.
wave: 'noise',
gain: 0.05,
notes: Array.from({ length: 64 }, (_, i) => (i % 16 === 0 ? 'K' : i % 2 === 0 ? 'H' : '.')),
},
],
}
src/audio/shuffle.mp3
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src/audio/synth.ts
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/**
* The synth, shared with its siblings.
*
* The engine below -- the scheduler, the six voices and the small kit -- is
* the one written for the lemonade stand and carried through the cave game,
* the starship, the seven powers and the world war. Same author, same
* license, and deliberately not forked: a look-ahead scheduler is not the
* part of a game worth writing six times.
*
* What is written *for this game* is everything under "the table", and the
* score in `score.ts`. This is a game of tiles hitting wood, so that sound
* gets the most care. The shuffle is the one sound that is recorded rather
* than made, because nothing made sounded like twenty-eight real tiles.
*/
import shuffleUrl from './shuffle.mp3'
/**
* The one recorded sound: real dominoes shuffled on a table, the first few
* seconds of RobertWulfman's "Shuffling Dominos" on Freesound, which he
* released into the public domain (CC0). Trimmed, leveled and faded here;
* see NOTICE.md. Fetched as soon as the page loads, so it is in hand by the
* time anybody presses Shuffle up.
*/
const shuffleBytes: Promise<ArrayBuffer | null> =
typeof window === 'undefined'
? Promise.resolve(null)
: fetch(shuffleUrl)
.then((r) => (r.ok ? r.arrayBuffer() : null))
.catch(() => null)
const NOTE_INDEX: Record<string, number> = {
C: 0, 'C#': 1, D: 2, 'D#': 3, E: 4, F: 5,
'F#': 6, G: 7, 'G#': 8, A: 9, 'A#': 10, B: 11,
}
/** "C#4" -> Hz. A4 = 440. */
export function noteToFreq(note: string): number {
const m = /^([A-G]#?)(-?\d)$/.exec(note)
if (!m) return 0
const semis = NOTE_INDEX[m[1]] + (Number(m[2]) + 1) * 12
return 440 * Math.pow(2, (semis - 69) / 12)
}
export type Wave = 'pulse12' | 'pulse25' | 'pulse50' | 'triangle' | 'saw' | 'noise'
export interface Track {
wave: Wave
gain: number
/**
* One entry per step. '.' rest, '=' sustain previous, otherwise a note.
* Slashes stack notes into a chord: "F4/A4/C5". On a noise track the
* letter picks the drum: K kick, S snare, C clap, H closed hat, O open hat.
*/
notes: string[]
/** Sweeping lowpass, the whole point of a funk bass. */
filter?: { from: number; to: number; q?: number }
/** Fraction of the note's length actually sounded; low values are stabs. */
gate?: number
/** Cents, for a fatter unison. */
detune?: number
}
export interface Tune {
bpm: number
stepsPerBeat: number
tracks: Track[]
/** 0 is straight, ~0.15 is a light funk shuffle. Delays every other step. */
swing?: number
}
/** Fourier series for a pulse wave of the given duty cycle. */
function pulseWave(ctx: AudioContext, duty: number, harmonics = 24): PeriodicWave {
const real = new Float32Array(harmonics + 1)
const imag = new Float32Array(harmonics + 1)
for (let n = 1; n <= harmonics; n++) {
imag[n] = (2 / (n * Math.PI)) * Math.sin(n * Math.PI * duty)
}
return ctx.createPeriodicWave(real, imag, { disableNormalization: false })
}
export class Synth {
private ctx: AudioContext | null = null
private master!: GainNode
private musicBus!: GainNode
private sfxBus!: GainNode
private waves: Partial<Record<Wave, PeriodicWave>> = {}
private noiseBuffer!: AudioBuffer
private shuffleBuffer: Promise<AudioBuffer | null> | null = null
private tune: Tune | null = null
private step = 0
private nextStepTime = 0
private timer: number | null = null
musicOn = true
sfxOn = true
/** Must be called from a user gesture the first time. */
ensure(): AudioContext {
if (this.ctx) {
if (this.ctx.state === 'suspended') void this.ctx.resume()
return this.ctx
}
const ctx = new AudioContext()
this.ctx = ctx
this.master = ctx.createGain()
this.master.gain.value = 0.5
this.master.connect(ctx.destination)
/*
* The buses open at whatever the toggles already say, not at full.
* A one-shot calls `ensure` itself, so a game started with the sound
* turned off would otherwise make exactly one noise -- the first one --
* before anything got round to muting it.
*/
this.musicBus = ctx.createGain()
this.musicBus.gain.value = this.musicOn ? 0.55 : 0
this.musicBus.connect(this.master)
this.sfxBus = ctx.createGain()
this.sfxBus.gain.value = this.sfxOn ? 0.9 : 0
this.sfxBus.connect(this.master)
this.waves.pulse12 = pulseWave(ctx, 0.125)
this.waves.pulse25 = pulseWave(ctx, 0.25)
this.waves.pulse50 = pulseWave(ctx, 0.5)
const len = Math.floor(ctx.sampleRate * 1.5)
const buf = ctx.createBuffer(1, len, ctx.sampleRate)
const data = buf.getChannelData(0)
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) data[i] = Math.random() * 2 - 1
this.noiseBuffer = buf
return ctx
}
setMusic(on: boolean) {
this.musicOn = on
if (!this.ctx) return
this.musicBus.gain.setTargetAtTime(on ? 0.55 : 0, this.ctx.currentTime, 0.05)
}
setSfx(on: boolean) {
this.sfxOn = on
if (!this.ctx) return
this.sfxBus.gain.setTargetAtTime(on ? 0.9 : 0, this.ctx.currentTime, 0.02)
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------- voices
private voice(
dest: AudioNode,
wave: Wave,
freq: number,
at: number,
dur: number,
gain: number,
opts: { filter?: Track['filter']; detune?: number } = {},
) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const osc = ctx.createOscillator()
if (wave === 'triangle') osc.type = 'triangle'
else if (wave === 'saw') osc.type = 'sawtooth'
else osc.setPeriodicWave(this.waves[wave] ?? this.waves.pulse50!)
osc.frequency.setValueAtTime(freq, at)
if (opts.detune) osc.detune.setValueAtTime(opts.detune, at)
const env = ctx.createGain()
const peak = Math.max(0.0001, gain)
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(peak, at + 0.008)
env.gain.setValueAtTime(peak, at + Math.max(0.02, dur * 0.6))
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + dur)
let node: AudioNode = osc
if (opts.filter) {
const lp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
lp.type = 'lowpass'
lp.Q.value = opts.filter.q ?? 6
lp.frequency.setValueAtTime(opts.filter.from, at)
lp.frequency.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(
Math.max(60, opts.filter.to),
at + Math.max(0.05, dur),
)
osc.connect(lp)
node = lp
}
node.connect(env).connect(dest)
osc.start(at)
osc.stop(at + dur + 0.02)
}
/** A small kit: pitched-sine kick, noise-and-tone snare, clap, two hats. */
private drum(dest: AudioNode, kind: string, at: number, gain: number) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
if (kind === 'K') {
const osc = ctx.createOscillator()
osc.type = 'sine'
osc.frequency.setValueAtTime(130, at)
osc.frequency.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(42, at + 0.11)
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(gain * 1.5, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.24)
osc.connect(env).connect(dest)
osc.start(at)
osc.stop(at + 0.26)
return
}
const noise = ctx.createBufferSource()
noise.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
const filter = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
const env = ctx.createGain()
let dur = 0.05
if (kind === 'S' || kind === 'C') {
filter.type = 'bandpass'
filter.frequency.value = kind === 'S' ? 1900 : 1300
filter.Q.value = kind === 'S' ? 0.9 : 2.4
dur = kind === 'S' ? 0.16 : 0.1
if (kind === 'S') {
// A little body under the crack.
const tone = ctx.createOscillator()
tone.type = 'triangle'
tone.frequency.setValueAtTime(210, at)
tone.frequency.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(150, at + 0.09)
const tenv = ctx.createGain()
tenv.gain.setValueAtTime(gain * 0.6, at)
tenv.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.1)
tone.connect(tenv).connect(dest)
tone.start(at)
tone.stop(at + 0.12)
}
} else {
filter.type = 'highpass'
filter.frequency.value = 7200
dur = kind === 'O' ? 0.22 : 0.035
}
env.gain.setValueAtTime(gain, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + dur)
noise.connect(filter).connect(env).connect(dest)
noise.start(at)
noise.stop(at + dur + 0.02)
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------- sequencer
playTune(tune: Tune, restart = true) {
this.ensure()
if (this.tune === tune && this.timer !== null && !restart) return
this.stopTune()
this.tune = tune
this.step = 0
this.nextStepTime = this.ctx!.currentTime + 0.08
this.timer = window.setInterval(() => this.schedule(), 25)
}
stopTune() {
if (this.timer !== null) window.clearInterval(this.timer)
this.timer = null
this.tune = null
}
get playing() {
return this.timer !== null
}
private schedule() {
const ctx = this.ctx
const tune = this.tune
if (!ctx || !tune) return
const stepDur = 60 / tune.bpm / tune.stepsPerBeat
const length = Math.max(...tune.tracks.map((t) => t.notes.length))
const swing = tune.swing ?? 0
while (this.nextStepTime < ctx.currentTime + 0.2) {
// A shuffle pushes every other step late without moving the downbeats.
const at = this.nextStepTime + (this.step % 2 === 1 ? swing * stepDur : 0)
for (const track of tune.tracks) {
const note = track.notes[this.step % track.notes.length]
if (!note || note === '.' || note === '=') continue
// A note runs until the next step that is not a sustain marker.
let held = 1
for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
if (track.notes[(this.step + i) % track.notes.length] === '=') held++
else break
}
const dur = held * stepDur * (track.gate ?? 0.95)
if (track.wave === 'noise') {
this.drum(this.musicBus, note, at, track.gain)
continue
}
for (const part of note.split('/')) {
const f = noteToFreq(part)
if (!f) continue
this.voice(this.musicBus, track.wave, f, at, dur, track.gain, {
filter: track.filter,
detune: track.detune,
})
}
}
this.nextStepTime += stepDur
this.step = (this.step + 1) % length
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ sfx
private seq(notes: [string, number][], wave: Wave = 'pulse25', gain = 0.22) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
let t = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
for (const [note, dur] of notes) {
if (note !== '.') this.voice(this.sfxBus, wave, noteToFreq(note), t, dur, gain)
t += dur
}
}
/** A click on the map. Small, dry, and not a musical note. */
tap() {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
const src = ctx.createBufferSource()
src.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
const bp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
bp.type = 'bandpass'
bp.frequency.value = 2600
bp.Q.value = 1.4
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.1, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.035)
src.connect(bp).connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
src.start(at)
src.stop(at + 0.05)
}
/** A choice made: a territory picked, a number settled. */
written() {
this.seq([['B4', 0.045], ['E5', 0.08]], 'triangle', 0.14)
}
/** Something the rules will not take. */
reject() {
this.seq([['A3', 0.09], ['D#3', 0.18]], 'saw', 0.16)
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------ the table
/**
* One short woody knock: a burst of bandpassed noise with a touch of pitch
* under it. Everything a tile does on a table is made of these.
*/
private knockAt(at: number, freq: number, gain: number, dur = 0.05) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const src = ctx.createBufferSource()
src.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
const bp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
bp.type = 'bandpass'
bp.frequency.value = freq
bp.Q.value = 4
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(gain, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + dur)
src.connect(bp).connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
src.start(at)
src.stop(at + dur + 0.02)
const body = ctx.createOscillator()
body.type = 'triangle'
body.frequency.setValueAtTime(freq / 4, at)
body.frequency.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(freq / 7, at + dur)
const benv = ctx.createGain()
benv.gain.setValueAtTime(gain * 0.7, at)
benv.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + dur * 1.4)
body.connect(benv).connect(this.sfxBus)
body.start(at)
body.stop(at + dur * 1.4 + 0.02)
}
/**
* One hard little ping: a few milliseconds of noise through a narrow
* resonant filter, which is what a hard tile striking another hard tile
* sounds like -- a click with a short bright ring on it.
*/
private ping(at: number, freq: number, q: number, gain: number, decay: number) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const src = ctx.createBufferSource()
src.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
src.playbackRate.value = 1 + Math.random()
const bp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
bp.type = 'bandpass'
bp.frequency.value = freq
bp.Q.value = q
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(gain, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + decay)
src.connect(bp).connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
src.start(at)
src.stop(at + decay + 0.02)
}
/**
* A tile slammed down on an old folding card table.
*
* Four things at once. The crack of the tile's edge hitting the top; the
* thin top itself, which booms low and dies fast because it is a sheet of
* board on a frame; the panel ringing a little higher; and, just behind
* it, the loose metal legs rattling. `power` is how hard: a double, a
* heavy tile and going out all come down harder, the way people play.
*/
smack(power = 0.7) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
const p = Math.max(0.2, Math.min(1, power))
// The crack.
const crack = ctx.createBufferSource()
crack.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
const hp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
hp.type = 'highpass'
hp.frequency.value = 1800
const cenv = ctx.createGain()
cenv.gain.setValueAtTime(0.55 * p, at)
cenv.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.012)
crack.connect(hp).connect(cenv).connect(this.sfxBus)
crack.start(at)
crack.stop(at + 0.03)
this.ping(at, 3400 + Math.random() * 900, 14, 0.12 * p, 0.05)
// The top, booming.
const boom = ctx.createOscillator()
boom.type = 'sine'
boom.frequency.setValueAtTime(128, at)
boom.frequency.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(78, at + 0.16)
const benv = ctx.createGain()
benv.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, at)
benv.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.7 * p, at + 0.004)
benv.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.2)
boom.connect(benv).connect(this.sfxBus)
boom.start(at)
boom.stop(at + 0.22)
// The panel, a little higher and hollow.
const panel = ctx.createBufferSource()
panel.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
panel.playbackRate.value = 0.7
const pb = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
pb.type = 'bandpass'
pb.frequency.value = 240
pb.Q.value = 2.5
const penv = ctx.createGain()
penv.gain.setValueAtTime(1.3 * p, at)
penv.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.13)
panel.connect(pb).connect(penv).connect(this.sfxBus)
panel.start(at)
panel.stop(at + 0.15)
// The legs.
for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
this.ping(at + 0.018 + i * (0.016 + Math.random() * 0.01), 1500 + Math.random() * 700, 9, 0.05 * p * (1 - i / 5), 0.03)
}
}
/** Knuckles on the same table: two hollow raps. */
knock() {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
for (const [t, g] of [[0, 0.5], [0.17, 0.42]] as const) {
this.knockAt(at + t, 420, g, 0.08)
const thump = ctx.createOscillator()
thump.type = 'sine'
thump.frequency.setValueAtTime(150, at + t)
thump.frequency.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(95, at + t + 0.1)
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.35, at + t)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + t + 0.12)
thump.connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
thump.start(at + t)
thump.stop(at + t + 0.14)
}
}
/**
* The shuffle, for real: the recording, cut to however long the tiles are
* moving on screen and faded out there. If the recording could not be had,
* the synthesized one below stands in, so there is always a shuffle.
*/
shuffle(seconds = 2.6) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
this.shuffleBuffer ??= shuffleBytes.then((b) => (b ? ctx.decodeAudioData(b) : null)).catch(() => null)
const asked = ctx.currentTime
void this.shuffleBuffer.then((buf) => {
if (!buf) return this.synthShuffle(seconds)
// However long the decode took comes off the front, so it still ends with the tiles.
const late = Math.max(0, ctx.currentTime - asked)
const length = Math.min(buf.duration, seconds + 0.6) - late
if (length <= 0.1) return
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
const src = ctx.createBufferSource()
src.buffer = buf
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(1, at)
env.gain.setValueAtTime(1, at + Math.max(0, length - 0.35))
env.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + length)
src.connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
src.start(at, late, length)
})
}
/**
* The synthesized shuffle, for when the recording is not there: twenty-
* eight tiles washed round face down under two flat hands.
*
* Listen to a real one and it is not a handful of clicks. It is a
* continuous, dense clatter -- a hundred-odd collisions a second, each a
* hard click with a short bright ring -- over the dry scrape of tiles
* sliding on the tabletop, and the whole thing surges with every push of
* the hands, twice or so a second. Now and then a tile knocks the table
* itself, lower. That is what is built here.
*/
private synthShuffle(seconds: number) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
const surges = 2.2
// How hard the hands are pushing at time t: never quite still.
const push = (t: number) => 0.25 + 0.75 * Math.sin(Math.PI * surges * t) ** 2
const fade = (t: number) => Math.min(1, t / 0.15, (seconds - t) / 0.3)
// The scrape, following the hands.
const scrape = ctx.createBufferSource()
scrape.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
scrape.loop = true
const shp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
shp.type = 'highpass'
shp.frequency.value = 1400
const slp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
slp.type = 'lowpass'
slp.frequency.value = 7000
const senv = ctx.createGain()
senv.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, at)
for (let t = 0; t <= seconds; t += 0.05) senv.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0.045 * push(t) * fade(t) + 0.0001, at + t)
scrape.connect(shp).connect(slp).connect(senv).connect(this.sfxBus)
scrape.start(at)
scrape.stop(at + seconds + 0.05)
// The clatter.
let t = 0
while (t < seconds) {
const level = push(t) * fade(t)
this.ping(at + t, 2200 + Math.random() * 4300, 10 + Math.random() * 10, (0.025 + Math.random() * 0.075) * level, 0.015 + Math.random() * 0.035)
if (Math.random() < 0.05) this.knockAt(at + t, 700 + Math.random() * 400, 0.08 * level, 0.04)
// Busier while the hands are pushing.
t += (0.004 + Math.random() * 0.014) / (0.4 + level)
}
}
/** One tile pulled out of the boneyard: slid across the felt, then a click as it joins the hand. */
slide() {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
const src = ctx.createBufferSource()
src.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
const bp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
bp.type = 'bandpass'
bp.Q.value = 1.2
bp.frequency.setValueAtTime(1800, at)
bp.frequency.linearRampToValueAtTime(2600, at + 0.22)
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, at)
env.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0.07, at + 0.05)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + 0.24)
src.connect(bp).connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
src.start(at)
src.stop(at + 0.26)
this.ping(at + 0.25, 3000 + Math.random() * 800, 12, 0.1, 0.035)
this.ping(at + 0.27, 2400 + Math.random() * 600, 10, 0.06, 0.03)
}
/** Tiles drawn off the pile to the four seats: slid out in fives, a click as each one stops. */
draw(count = 28, seconds = 0.65) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
const t = at + (i / count) * seconds + Math.random() * 0.01
this.ping(t, 2800 + Math.random() * 2000, 12, 0.05 + Math.random() * 0.04, 0.03)
}
}
/**
* Out. The last tile slapped down, then a short run up to a held note --
* brighter when it is yours.
*/
domino(mine: boolean) {
this.smack(1)
const run: [string, number][] = mine
? [['.', 0.12], ['C5', 0.08], ['E5', 0.08], ['G5', 0.08], ['C6', 0.4]]
: [['.', 0.12], ['G4', 0.1], ['E4', 0.1], ['C4', 0.35]]
this.seq(run, 'triangle', 0.16)
}
/**
* Points going on the score sheet: a pencil stroke for every five. A
* stroke is a short scratch of bright noise, swept a little as the lead
* drags, and the slash that closes a box of twenty-five is longer.
*/
tally(marks: number, closes = false) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.28
const n = Math.min(marks, 8)
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
const t = at + i * 0.13
const long = closes && i === n - 1
const src = ctx.createBufferSource()
src.buffer = this.noiseBuffer
const bp = ctx.createBiquadFilter()
bp.type = 'bandpass'
bp.Q.value = 1.8
bp.frequency.setValueAtTime(3600, t)
bp.frequency.linearRampToValueAtTime(long ? 5200 : 4400, t + (long ? 0.16 : 0.07))
const env = ctx.createGain()
const len = long ? 0.17 : 0.075
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, t)
env.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0.11, t + 0.01)
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.11, t + len * 0.7)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, t + len)
src.connect(bp).connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
src.start(t)
src.stop(t + len + 0.02)
}
}
/** Nobody can go. Two falling notes, and the table goes quiet. */
blocked() {
this.seq([['E4', 0.14], ['C4', 0.14], ['G3', 0.45]], 'triangle', 0.15)
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------- the endings
private bell(at: number, note: string, partials: readonly (readonly [number, number, number])[]) {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const f = noteToFreq(note)
for (const [mult, gain, dur] of partials) {
const osc = ctx.createOscillator()
osc.type = 'sine'
osc.frequency.value = f * mult
const env = ctx.createGain()
env.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, at)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(gain, at + 0.01)
env.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, at + dur)
osc.connect(env).connect(this.sfxBus)
osc.start(at)
osc.stop(at + dur + 0.05)
}
}
/** The game is yours. Bells, going up. */
victory() {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
for (const [i, note] of ['F4', 'A4', 'C5', 'F5', 'C5', 'F5'].entries()) {
this.bell(at + i * 0.32, note, [[1, 0.13, 2.4], [2.76, 0.05, 1], [5.4, 0.025, 0.5]])
}
}
/** Somebody else's game: the same bells, fewer of them, coming down. */
defeat() {
const ctx = this.ensure()
const at = ctx.currentTime + 0.01
for (const [i, note] of ['C5', 'A4', 'F4', 'C4'].entries()) {
this.bell(at + i * 0.45, note, [[1, 0.12, 2.8], [2.76, 0.04, 1.1]])
}
}
}
export const synth = new Synth()
src/components/Crash.tsx
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import { Component, type ReactNode } from 'react'
/**
* If anything in the game throws while drawing, say so and offer a way on,
* instead of leaving the player looking at an empty page. The error goes to
* the console for whoever wants to report it.
*/
export class Crash extends Component<{ children: ReactNode }, { error: Error | null }> {
state = { error: null as Error | null }
static getDerivedStateFromError(error: Error) {
return { error }
}
componentDidCatch(error: Error) {
console.error('Dominoes crashed:', error)
}
render() {
if (!this.state.error) return this.props.children
return (
<div className="landing crashed" role="alert">
<h1>Dominoes</h1>
<p>Somebody knocked the table over. The game hit an error and can’t carry on.</p>
<p className="dim small">{this.state.error.message}</p>
<button type="button" className="go" onClick={() => window.location.reload()}>
Start over
</button>
</div>
)
}
}
src/components/Landing.tsx
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import { TileFace } from './Tile'
/**
* The page before the table.
*
* Everybody has played dominoes, and almost everybody learned it from a
* table with its own house rules. So the rules are stated in full -- they
* are short -- along with the places where tables differ, and which way this
* one goes.
*/
export function Landing({ target, onStart }: { target: number; onStart: () => void }) {
return (
<div className="landing">
<header>
<h1>Dominoes</h1>
<p className="tagline">
All Fives with a double-six set, four at the table, first to 250. You against three old hands and young bucks, each for himself, and every one of them has something to say.
</p>
<div className="hero" aria-hidden="true">
<TileFace first={6} second={6} />
<TileFace first={6} second={4} />
<TileFace first={4} second={1} />
<TileFace first={1} second={0} />
</div>
</header>
<div className="cols">
<section>
<h2>The whole game</h2>
<p>
All Fives. Five tiles each, and the other eight face down in the boneyard.
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<strong>The first hand</strong> is opened by whoever was dealt the highest double, with that
double. After that, whoever won the last hand leads, with any tile they like.
</li>
<li>
<strong>Play goes to the left.</strong> Match a number on any open end. Doubles lie crosswise.
Nothing that matches? Draw from the boneyard, one at a time, until something does. Only when the
boneyard is empty do you knock and let the turn pass.
</li>
<li>
<strong>The spinner</strong> is the first double down, marked with a star. Once both its sides are
covered, its top and bottom open too, and the line runs four ways.
</li>
<li>
<strong>Score as you play.</strong> After every tile, add up the open ends. A multiple of five --
5, 10, 15, 20 and on -- goes straight on your sheet.
</li>
<li>
<strong>The hand ends</strong> when somebody plays their last tile, or when nobody can match any end
and it is blocked.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
Whoever goes out scores the pips left in the other three hands, to the nearest five. In a blocked
hand, the lowest count scores them instead. First to {target} wins, the moment they get there.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Counting the ends</h2>
<p>
A double on the end of the line counts both halves: the 5–5 out on an end is ten. The spinner counts
both halves too, until both its sides are covered; after that only the ends count, and its top and
bottom count once something is on them. The first tile alone counts both ends, so leading the 5–0,
6–4 or 5–5 scores straight away.
</p>
<h2>The sheet</h2>
<p>
Scores go down the way they do at the table: a stroke for every five, and the fifth stroke a slash
across the four, so every box is twenty-five. Ten boxes is the game.
</p>
<h2>At this table</h2>
<p>
Each man plays for himself. Drag a tile to an open end, or tap it and tap the end; hit Draw, or the
boneyard, to fish. Nobody tells you what fits, or what it scores -- count it yourself. A draw or a
knock tells everybody which numbers you are out of, and these three are listening. They know what a careful player knows and nothing else: they never
see your hand.
</p>
</section>
</div>
<div className="choose">
<button type="button" className="start" onClick={onStart}>
Shuffle up
</button>
<p className="dim">First to {target} wins.</p>
</div>
<footer>
<p className="ways">
{/*
Absolute rather than "/", because this game is served from a
subdirectory in production and from the root in development.
*/}
<a href="https://games.jcoffey.dev/">The rest of the games</a>
{' · '}
<a href="https://git.coffeylabs.org/jcoffey-dev/dominoes">Source</a>
</p>
<p>
Dominoes is free software under the{' '}
<a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html">GNU Affero General Public License, version 3 or later</a>.
It comes with no warranty whatsoever. You may use, study, change and share it; if you run a changed version
where other people can reach it, they are entitled to its source.
</p>
<p>
The game is centuries old and belongs to everybody. Every tile on the screen and every note of the music is
generated in code in this repository. The shuffle is a real one: “Shuffling Dominos” by RobertWulfman
on <a href="https://freesound.org/people/RobertWulfman/sounds/220839/">Freesound</a>, in the public
domain.
</p>
</footer>
</div>
)
}
src/components/Seats.tsx
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import type { Game } from '../game/game'
import { COMPASS } from '../game/names'
import { TILES, type Tile } from '../game/tiles'
import { TileFace } from './Tile'
/** What each seat last did this hand, for the little speech bubble. */
export function lastActs(g: Game): ('knock' | 'play' | null)[] {
const acts: ('knock' | 'play' | null)[] = [null, null, null, null]
for (let i = g.events.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
const e = g.events[i]
if (e.kind === 'deal') break
if ((e.kind === 'play' || e.kind === 'pass') && acts[e.seat] === null) acts[e.seat] = e.kind === 'play' ? 'play' : 'knock'
}
return acts
}
/** An opponent: name, score, and the backs of the tiles they hold. */
export function Seat({
game,
seat,
where,
act,
hidden,
says,
}: {
game: Game
seat: number
where: 'west' | 'north' | 'east'
act: 'knock' | 'play' | null
/** Still shuffling: nobody holds anything yet. */
hidden: boolean
/** What he is saying, if anything. */
says: string | null
}) {
const turn = game.phase === 'play' && game.current === seat && !hidden
const held = hidden ? 0 : game.hands[seat].length
return (
<section className={`seat ${where}${turn ? ' turn' : ''}`} aria-label={`${game.names[seat]}, ${COMPASS[seat]}, ${held} tiles, ${game.scores[seat]} points`}>
<header>
<strong>{game.names[seat]}</strong>
<span className="pts">{game.scores[seat]}</span>
</header>
<span className="compass">{COMPASS[seat].toLowerCase()}</span>
<div className="backs" aria-hidden="true">
{Array.from({ length: held }, (_, i) => (
<span key={i} className="back" />
))}
</div>
<p className="bubble">{turn ? 'thinking…' : act === 'knock' ? 'knocked' : ' '}</p>
{says && (
<p key={says} className="speech" role="status">
{says}
</p>
)}
</section>
)
}
/** Tiles face up, small, for the end of a hand. */
export function Shown({ tiles }: { tiles: readonly Tile[] }) {
return (
<span className="shown">
{tiles.map((t) => (
<TileFace key={t} first={TILES[t][1]} second={TILES[t][0]} />
))}
{tiles.length === 0 && <span className="dim">out</span>}
</span>
)
}
src/components/Shuffle.tsx
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import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
import { synth } from '../audio/synth'
/**
* The shuffle, before every hand.
*
* All twenty-eight tiles face down on the felt, pushed round in a few big
* swirls the way hands wash them on a real table, and then drawn off to the
* four seats, five each, with the rest pushed into the boneyard. The sound
* is timed to it: a wash of clacks while the tiles are moving, and a run of
* small clicks as they are drawn.
*
* Every position is worked out here and moved by a CSS transition, so the
* tiles glide between spots instead of jumping, and the whole thing is
* skipped down to a short pause for anyone who has asked for reduced motion.
*/
const TILES = 28
const SWIRLS = 6
const SWIRL_MS = 440
const DEAL_MS = 650
interface Pose {
x: number
y: number
r: number
o: number
}
export function Shuffle({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
const box = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
const [poses, setPoses] = useState<Pose[]>(() => Array.from({ length: TILES }, () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, r: 0, o: 0 })))
const [ms, setMs] = useState(SWIRL_MS)
const done = useRef(onDone)
done.current = onDone
useEffect(() => {
const el = box.current!
const { width, height } = el.getBoundingClientRect()
const still = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches
const timers: number[] = []
const at = (t: number, f: () => void) => timers.push(window.setTimeout(f, t))
// Anywhere on the felt, clear of the edge.
const scatter = (spread: number): Pose[] =>
Array.from({ length: TILES }, () => ({
x: (Math.random() - 0.5) * width * spread,
y: (Math.random() - 0.5) * height * spread,
r: Math.random() * 360,
o: 1,
}))
// Off to the seats, five each -- you at the bottom, then West, North,
// East -- and the last eight pushed together into the boneyard in the
// corner, where they stay.
const dealt = (): Pose[] =>
Array.from({ length: TILES }, (_, i) => {
if (i >= 20) {
const k = i - 20
return { x: -width / 2 + 34 + (k % 4) * 15, y: -height / 2 + 34 + Math.floor(k / 4) * 26, r: 0, o: 1 }
}
const seat = i % 4
const [dx, dy] = [[0, 0.75], [-0.75, 0], [0, -0.75], [0.75, 0]][seat]
return { x: dx * width, y: dy * height, r: seat % 2 ? 90 : 0, o: 0 }
})
if (still) {
synth.shuffle(0.6)
at(700, () => done.current())
return () => timers.forEach(clearTimeout)
}
synth.shuffle((SWIRLS * SWIRL_MS) / 1000)
// A frame at the center first, so the first swirl has somewhere to come from.
at(30, () => setPoses(scatter(0.5)))
for (let k = 1; k < SWIRLS; k++) at(30 + k * SWIRL_MS, () => setPoses(scatter(0.55 + 0.1 * (k % 2))))
at(30 + SWIRLS * SWIRL_MS, () => {
setMs(DEAL_MS)
setPoses(dealt())
synth.draw(20, DEAL_MS / 1000)
})
at(30 + SWIRLS * SWIRL_MS + DEAL_MS + 80, () => done.current())
return () => timers.forEach(clearTimeout)
}, [])
return (
<div className="shuffle" ref={box} aria-label="Shuffling" role="status">
{poses.map((p, i) => (
<span
key={i}
className="tile-back"
style={{
transform: `translate(-50%, -50%) translate(${p.x}px, ${p.y}px) rotate(${p.r}deg)`,
opacity: p.o,
transitionDuration: `${ms}ms, ${ms}ms`,
// Not all at once: hands on a table never move every tile together.
transitionDelay: `${(i % 7) * 12}ms`,
}}
/>
))}
</div>
)
}
src/components/Side.tsx
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import { describe } from '../game/describe'
import { Tally } from './Tally'
import { SEATS, type Game } from '../game/game'
/**
* The column beside the table: what is happening now, the score, and the
* hand so far in words. The log is only this hand -- the previous hands are
* in the score, and nobody scrolls back through them -- which is short
* enough to read top to bottom, in the order it happened.
*/
export function Side({ game, human, shuffling }: { game: Game; human: number; shuffling: boolean }) {
const start = game.events.findLastIndex((e) => e.kind === 'deal')
// Nothing about the new hand until the tiles are in people's hands.
const lines = shuffling ? [] : describe(game.events.slice(start), human, game.names)
return (
<aside className="side">
<section className="now" aria-live="polite">
<p>{shuffling ? 'Shuffling…' : now(game, human)}</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Score <span className="dim small">first to {game.target}</span>
</h2>
<table className="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th />
<th />
<th>points</th>
<th>tiles</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{Array.from({ length: SEATS }, (_, s) => (
<tr key={s} className={!shuffling && game.phase === 'play' && game.current === s ? 'now' : ''}>
<th>{game.names[s]}</th>
<td className="marks">
<Tally points={game.scores[s]} />
</td>
<td>{game.scores[s]}</td>
<td>{shuffling ? '–' : game.hands[s].length}</td>
</tr>
))}
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section className="log">
<h2>This hand</h2>
<ol>
{lines.map((l, i) => (
<li key={i} className={l.heading ? 'heading' : ''}>
{l.text}
</li>
))}
</ol>
</section>
</aside>
)
}
/**
* One line on what is happening. On the player's turn it says only that it
* is their turn: which tiles fit is for them to see, as it is at any table.
*/
function now(g: Game, human: number): string {
if (g.phase === 'over') return g.winner === human ? 'The game is yours.' : `${g.names[g.winner!]} has the game.`
if (g.phase === 'scored') return 'The hand is over.'
if (g.current !== human) return `${g.names[g.current]} to play.`
if (!g.center) return g.mustOpen !== null ? 'You have the high double. Put it down to start.' : 'Your lead.'
return 'Your turn.'
}
src/components/Table.tsx
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import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
import type { Game, Link, Side } from '../game/game'
import { bounds, layout } from '../game/layout'
import { has, other, TILES, type Tile } from '../game/tiles'
import { TileG } from './Tile'
/**
* The felt, and the line of play on it.
*
* How long a row runs before it turns depends on how wide the table is, so a
* phone gets short rows of big-enough tiles instead of one long row of tiny
* ones. While the player holds a tile, both open ends are marked as places
* to put it down -- whether it fits there or not is for the player to see.
*/
export function Table({
game,
shuffling,
held,
hot,
last,
onEnd,
onDraw,
children,
}: {
game: Game
shuffling: boolean
/** A tile in the player's hand, lifted or being dragged. Both ends open up for it, fit or not. */
held: Tile | null
/** The end the dragged tile is over. */
hot: Side | null
last: Tile | null
onEnd: (side: Side) => void
/** Draw from the boneyard, if the player may. */
onDraw: () => void
children?: React.ReactNode
}) {
const wrap = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
const [px, setPx] = useState(640)
useEffect(() => {
const el = wrap.current
if (!el) return
const ro = new ResizeObserver(([e]) => setPx(e.contentRect.width))
ro.observe(el)
return () => ro.disconnect()
}, [])
// About 28 pixels a half-tile, in whole tiles, never so few that a
// crosswise double and a corner cannot both fit.
const width = Math.max(10, Math.min(26, 2 * Math.floor(px / 56)))
// Where the held tile would go at each open end. Only the place is drawn,
// never the tile in it: the table does not tell anybody what fits where.
const pads: Partial<Record<Side, Link>> = {}
if (held !== null) {
for (const e of game.ends) pads[e.side] = { tile: held, inner: e.value, outer: has(held, e.value) ? other(held, e.value) : e.value }
}
const lead = held !== null && !game.center
const spots = lead
? layout({ ...game, center: { tile: held, left: TILES[held][1], right: TILES[held][0] } }, width).map((s) => ({ ...s, ghost: true, arm: 'right' as const }))
: layout(game, width, pads)
const b = bounds(spots)
const y0 = Math.min(b.y0, -3) - 0.6
const y1 = Math.max(b.y1, 3) + 0.6
const x0 = -width / 2 - 0.6
const w = width + 1.2
return (
<div className="felt" ref={wrap}>
<svg className="line" viewBox={`${x0} ${y0} ${w} ${y1 - y0}`} role="img" aria-label={tableLabel(game)}>
{spots.map((s) =>
s.ghost ? (
<g
key={`pad-${s.arm}`}
className={`pad${hot === s.arm ? ' hot' : ''}`}
data-side={s.arm}
role="button"
tabIndex={0}
aria-label={game.center ? (s.arm === 'up' ? 'The top of the spinner' : s.arm === 'down' ? 'The bottom of the spinner' : `The ${s.arm} end`) : 'The middle of the table'}
onClick={() => onEnd(s.arm as Side)}
onKeyDown={(e) => {
if (e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') {
e.preventDefault()
onEnd(s.arm as Side)
}
}}
>
{/* A generous target: the outline, and a margin round it to aim at. */}
<rect className="aim" x={s.x - 0.6} y={s.y - 0.6} width={s.w + 1.2} height={s.h + 1.2} />
<rect className="spot" x={s.x + 0.05} y={s.y + 0.05} width={s.w - 0.1} height={s.h - 0.1} rx={0.13} />
</g>
) : (
<g key={s.tile}>
<TileG {...s} className={`${s.tile === last ? 'last' : ''}${s.spinner ? ' spinner' : ''}`} />
{s.spinner && (
// The spinner's mark: a small star at its corner, so the table can see which double opens four ways.
<g className="spin-mark" transform={`translate(${s.x + s.w}, ${s.y})`}>
<title>The spinner</title>
<circle r={0.42} />
<path d={star(0.3, 0.13)} />
</g>
)}
</g>
),
)}
</svg>
{!game.center && game.phase === 'play' && !shuffling && !lead && (
<p className="waiting">{game.mustOpen !== null ? 'Waiting for the high double.' : 'Waiting for the lead.'}</p>
)}
{!shuffling && game.phase === 'play' && (
// The boneyard: what is left face down, in the corner where the shuffle pushed it.
<button type="button" className="boneyard" onClick={onDraw} aria-label={`The boneyard, ${game.boneyard.length} tiles. Draw one.`}>
<span className="pile" aria-hidden="true">
{game.boneyard.map((t) => (
<span key={t} className="tile-back small" />
))}
</span>
<span className="label">{game.boneyard.length ? `boneyard ${game.boneyard.length}` : 'boneyard empty'}</span>
</button>
)}
{children}
</div>
)
}
/** A five-pointed star centered on the origin. */
function star(outer: number, inner: number): string {
const pts = Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, i) => {
const r = i % 2 ? inner : outer
const a = -Math.PI / 2 + (i * Math.PI) / 5
return `${(r * Math.cos(a)).toFixed(3)},${(r * Math.sin(a)).toFixed(3)}`
})
return `M${pts.join('L')}Z`
}
function tableLabel(g: Game): string {
if (!g.center) return 'The table is empty.'
const n = g.played.length
const ends = g.ends.map((e) => `${e.value} ${e.side === 'up' ? 'at the top' : e.side === 'down' ? 'at the bottom' : `on the ${e.side}`}`)
return `${n} tile${n === 1 ? '' : 's'} down. The ends show ${ends.join(', ')}.`
}
src/components/Tally.tsx
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/**
* A score the way it goes down on the back of an envelope at the table:
* one stroke for every five points, and the fifth stroke a slash through
* the four before it, so each box is twenty-five. Two boxes to a line, and
* a new line every fifty, so a game to 250 is five full lines.
*/
export function Tally({ points }: { points: number }) {
const marks = Math.floor(points / 5)
const houses = Array.from({ length: Math.ceil(marks / 5) }, (_, i) => Math.min(5, marks - i * 5))
const lines: number[][] = []
for (let i = 0; i < houses.length; i += 2) lines.push(houses.slice(i, i + 2))
if (marks === 0) return <span className="tally empty">—</span>
return (
<span className="tally" role="img" aria-label={`${points} points`}>
{lines.map((line, i) => (
<span key={i} className="tally-line">
{line.map((n, j) => (
<svg key={j} className="house" viewBox="0 0 30 22" aria-hidden="true">
{Array.from({ length: Math.min(n, 4) }, (_, k) => (
<line key={k} x1={5 + k * 6} y1={3} x2={5 + k * 6} y2={19} />
))}
{n === 5 && <line className="slash" x1={1} y1={18} x2={27} y2={4} />}
</svg>
))}
</span>
))}
</span>
)
}
src/components/Tile.tsx
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/**
* A tile, drawn in half-tile units: 2 by 1 lying down, 1 by 2 on end.
*
* Pips sit where they sit on a real set. A six on a tile standing up is two
* columns of three; lying down it turns with the tile and becomes two rows,
* which is what everybody's eye already expects.
*/
const P = 0.27
const Q = 1 - P
const PIPS: Record<number, [number, number][]> = {
0: [],
1: [[0.5, 0.5]],
2: [[P, P], [Q, Q]],
3: [[P, P], [0.5, 0.5], [Q, Q]],
4: [[P, P], [Q, P], [P, Q], [Q, Q]],
5: [[P, P], [Q, P], [0.5, 0.5], [P, Q], [Q, Q]],
6: [[P, 0.24], [P, 0.5], [P, 0.76], [Q, 0.24], [Q, 0.5], [Q, 0.76]],
}
function Half({ n, x, y, lying }: { n: number; x: number; y: number; lying: boolean }) {
return (
<>
{PIPS[n].map(([px, py], i) => (
<circle key={i} className="pip" cx={x + (lying ? py : px)} cy={y + (lying ? px : py)} r={0.088} />
))}
</>
)
}
export function TileG({
x,
y,
w,
h,
first,
second,
className = '',
}: {
x: number
y: number
w: number
h: number
first: number
second: number
className?: string
}) {
const lying = w > h
return (
<g className={`tile ${className}`}>
<rect x={x + 0.03} y={y + 0.03} width={w - 0.06} height={h - 0.06} rx={0.13} />
{lying ? (
<line x1={x + 1} y1={y + 0.16} x2={x + 1} y2={y + h - 0.16} />
) : (
<line x1={x + 0.16} y1={y + 1} x2={x + w - 0.16} y2={y + 1} />
)}
<Half n={first} x={x} y={y} lying={lying} />
<Half n={second} x={lying ? x + 1 : x} y={lying ? y : y + 1} lying={lying} />
</g>
)
}
/** A tile on its own, standing up, for a hand. */
export function TileFace({ first, second }: { first: number; second: number }) {
return (
<svg className="face" viewBox="0 0 1 2" aria-hidden="true">
<TileG x={0} y={0} w={1} h={2} first={first} second={second} />
</svg>
)
}
src/game/bot.ts
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import { SEATS, type Game, type Move } from './game'
import { makeRng } from './rng'
import { TILE_COUNT, TILES, count, has, isDouble, pips, type Tile } from './tiles'
/**
* How a computer player chooses a tile.
*
* It knows what anybody at a real table knows: its own tiles, every tile on
* the table, how many each player holds and how many are in the boneyard,
* and which numbers each of them has knocked or drawn on. It never looks at another hand. Everything below is worked out
* from those, the way a careful player counts.
*
* Each legal move is priced, and the dearest is played. What makes a move
* good, roughly in order of how much it usually matters:
*
* - it goes out, which ends the argument;
* - it scores: the ends add up to a multiple of five, and the points are
* on the board now instead of maybe later;
* - it blocks the hand when this player is sure to have the lowest count,
* and never when it is not;
* - it leaves ends the next player has already knocked on, or numbers
* nobody else can hold -- especially when somebody is down to a tile or two;
* - it sheds weight, because every pip still held at the end is a point for
* somebody else;
* - it gets a double down, since a double only ever fits one number;
* - it leaves this player something to play next time round.
*/
export interface Leaning {
/** Appetite for dumping heavy tiles early. */
shed: number
/** Hurry to get doubles off the hand. */
doubles: number
/** Care for keeping a playable hand. */
hold: number
/** Relish for leaving a neighbor stuck. */
spite: number
}
/**
* Each bot leans a little one way or another, so three of them are not the
* same player three times. The lean comes from the seed, so a seed still
* replays a whole game exactly.
*/
export function leanings(seed: number, n: number): Leaning[] {
const rng = makeRng(seed ^ 0x5eed)
const around = () => 0.75 + rng() * 0.5
return Array.from({ length: n }, () => ({ shed: around(), doubles: around(), hold: around(), spite: around() }))
}
export const EVEN: Leaning = { shed: 1, doubles: 1, hold: 1, spite: 1 }
/** The move this seat would make, or null to knock. */
export function decide(g: Game, lean: Leaning = EVEN): Move | null {
const moves = g.legal()
if (moves.length === 0) return null
if (moves.length === 1) return moves[0]
let best = moves[0]
let bestScore = -Infinity
for (const m of moves) {
const s = price(g, g.current, m, lean)
if (s > bestScore) {
best = m
bestScore = s
}
}
return best
}
/**
* One action: play what `decide` picks, or draw one tile if nothing fits and
* there is something to draw, or knock. A draw leaves the turn with the same
* player, so the loop in the app paces every tile drawn, the way a man at a
* table draws them one at a time. The tests go through here too.
*/
export function step(g: Game, lean: Leaning = EVEN): Move | 'draw' | null {
const m = decide(g, lean)
if (m) g.play(m.tile, m.side)
else if (g.mustDraw) {
g.draw()
return 'draw'
} else g.pass()
return m
}
export function price(g: Game, seat: number, m: Move, lean: Leaning): number {
const hand = g.hands[seat]
const after = hand.filter((t) => t !== m.tile)
if (after.length === 0) return 1e9
const [a, b] = TILES[m.tile]
const showing = g.endsAfter(m.tile, m.side)
const matches = (t: Tile) => showing.some((v) => has(t, v))
// Tiles this seat cannot see: in somebody else's hand.
const seen = new Set<Tile>([...g.played, ...hand])
const unseen: Tile[] = []
for (let t = 0; t < TILE_COUNT; t++) if (!seen.has(t)) unseen.push(t)
const outThere = unseen.some(matches)
// The hand locks after this move if nobody can possibly follow it --
// which, with tiles still in the boneyard, is not yet: they get drawn first.
if (g.boneyard.length === 0 && !outThere && !after.some(matches)) {
// Certain, not probable: each opponent is given the lightest tiles they
// could possibly be holding, and this seat still has to come in under
// every one of them. "Probably lowest" is a coin that costs the whole
// hand when it lands wrong.
const mine = count(after)
const light = [...unseen].sort((x, y) => pips(x) - pips(y))
const floor = (k: number) => count(light.slice(0, g.hands[(seat + k) % SEATS].length))
const sure = unseen.length > 0 && [1, 2, 3].every((k) => mine < floor(k))
return sure ? 5e8 - mine : -5e8
}
// Points on the board now are worth more than anything that might happen later.
let s = 2.2 * g.scoreAfter(m.tile, m.side) + lean.shed * (a + b)
if (isDouble(m.tile)) s += lean.doubles * 5
const follow = after.filter(matches).length
s += lean.hold * 2.5 * Math.min(follow, 3)
s += lean.hold * new Set(after.flatMap((t) => TILES[t])).size
for (let k = 1; k < SEATS; k++) {
const o = (seat + k) % SEATS
const weight = k === 1 ? 1 : 0.45
const close = g.hands[o].length <= 2 ? 2.5 : 1
const stuck = !outThere || showing.every((v) => g.voids[o][v])
if (stuck) s += lean.spite * 6 * weight * close
else if (close > 1) s -= lean.spite * 4 * weight
}
// A tie in everything else goes to the heavier tile, not to whichever
// happened to be dealt first.
return s + pips(m.tile) * 0.01
}
src/game/describe.test.ts
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import { expect, it } from 'vitest'
import { describe as tell } from './describe'
import { Game } from './game'
import { DOUBLE_SIX, tileOf as t } from './tiles'
it('tells the hand in plain words, with "you" for the player', () => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.events = []
g.setUp([[t(6, 6), t(0, 1)], [t(2, 3)], [t(3, 4)], [t(1, 6)]], 0, DOUBLE_SIX)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
g.pass()
expect(tell(g.events, 0, ['You', 'West', 'North', 'East']).map((l) => l.text)).toEqual([
'Hand 2',
'You have the high double, the double six.',
'You set the double six. The spinner.',
'West knocks: no six.',
])
})
src/game/describe.ts
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import type { GameEvent } from './game'
import { isDouble, NUMBERS, tileName } from './tiles'
/**
* The log, in words, with "you" for the player and everybody else by name.
*/
const WHERE = {
left: 'on the left',
right: 'on the right',
up: 'on top of the spinner',
down: 'under the spinner',
} as const
export interface Line {
seat: number | null
text: string
heading?: boolean
}
const plural = (n: number, one: string) => `${n} ${one}${n === 1 ? '' : 's'}`
export function describe(events: readonly GameEvent[], human: number, names: readonly string[]): Line[] {
const who = (s: number) => (s === human ? 'You' : names[s])
const verb = (s: number, you: string, they: string) => (s === human ? you : they)
const lines: Line[] = []
for (const e of events) {
switch (e.kind) {
case 'deal':
lines.push({ seat: null, heading: true, text: `Hand ${e.hand}` })
// A later hand's lead says itself when the tile goes down.
if (e.mustOpen !== null) {
lines.push({ seat: e.leader, text: `${who(e.leader)} ${verb(e.leader, 'have', 'has')} the high double, the ${tileName(e.mustOpen)}.` })
}
break
case 'play':
lines.push({
seat: e.seat,
text: e.side
? `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'play', 'plays')} the ${tileName(e.tile)} ${WHERE[e.side]}${e.spinner ? '. The spinner' : ''}.`
: isDouble(e.tile)
? `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'set', 'sets')} the ${tileName(e.tile)}${e.spinner ? '. The spinner' : ''}.`
: `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'lead', 'leads')} the ${tileName(e.tile)}.`,
})
break
case 'pass':
lines.push({
seat: e.seat,
text: `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'knock', 'knocks')}: ${e.ends.map((n) => `no ${NUMBERS[n]}`).join(', ')}.`,
})
break
case 'draw':
lines.push({ seat: e.seat, text: `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'draw', 'draws')}.` })
break
case 'score':
lines.push({ seat: e.seat, text: `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'score', 'scores')} ${e.points}.` })
break
case 'domino':
lines.push({ seat: e.seat, text: `${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'go', 'goes')} out, for ${plural(e.points, 'point')}.` })
break
case 'block':
lines.push({
seat: e.seat,
text:
e.seat === null
? 'Blocked, and the lowest count is tied. Nobody scores.'
: `Blocked. ${who(e.seat)} ${verb(e.seat, 'have', 'has')} the lowest count, for ${plural(e.points, 'point')}.`,
})
break
case 'win':
lines.push({ seat: e.seat, heading: true, text: e.seat === human ? 'You win the game.' : `${who(e.seat)} wins the game.` })
break
}
}
return lines
}
src/game/game.test.ts
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import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
import { Game } from './game'
import { DOUBLE_SIX, TILES, TILE_COUNT, count, tileOf } from './tiles'
const t = tileOf
describe('the set', () => {
it('is twenty-eight different tiles with 168 pips between them', () => {
expect(TILE_COUNT).toBe(28)
expect(new Set(TILES.map(([a, b]) => `${a}${b}`)).size).toBe(28)
expect(count(TILES.map((_, i) => i))).toBe(168)
})
})
describe('the deal', () => {
it('gives five to each of four and leaves eight in the boneyard', () => {
for (let seed = 1; seed <= 50; seed++) {
const g = new Game(seed)
expect(g.hands.map((h) => h.length)).toEqual([5, 5, 5, 5])
expect(g.boneyard).toHaveLength(8)
expect(new Set([...g.hands.flat(), ...g.boneyard]).size).toBe(28)
}
})
it('makes the holder of the highest double dealt open the first hand, with it and nothing else', () => {
for (let seed = 1; seed <= 50; seed++) {
const g = new Game(seed)
const high = Math.max(...g.hands.flat().filter((x) => TILES[x][0] === TILES[x][1]))
expect(g.mustOpen).toBe(high)
expect(g.hands[g.current]).toContain(high)
expect(g.legal()).toEqual([{ tile: high, side: 'right' }])
}
})
})
describe('play', () => {
it('matches ends and moves them', () => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp(
[
[t(6, 6), t(0, 0), t(0, 1), t(0, 2), t(0, 3), t(0, 4), t(0, 5)],
[t(6, 4), t(1, 1), t(1, 2), t(1, 3), t(1, 4), t(1, 5), t(0, 6)],
[t(6, 5), t(2, 2), t(2, 3), t(2, 4), t(2, 5), t(1, 6), t(2, 6)],
[t(3, 3), t(3, 4), t(3, 5), t(3, 6), t(4, 4), t(4, 5), t(4, 6)],
],
0,
DOUBLE_SIX,
)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(g.endValues).toEqual([6])
expect(g.current).toBe(1)
g.play(t(6, 4), 'right')
expect(g.ends.map((e) => e.value)).toEqual([6, 4])
expect(() => g.play(t(2, 2), 'left')).toThrow()
g.play(t(6, 5), 'left')
// Both sides of the spinner are covered, so its top and bottom open.
expect(g.ends.map((e) => [e.side, e.value])).toEqual([['left', 5], ['right', 4], ['up', 6], ['down', 6]])
// A tile that fits two ends is two moves.
expect(g.legal().filter((m) => m.tile === t(4, 5)).map((m) => m.side)).toEqual(['left', 'right'])
})
it('makes a player with nothing that fits draw, one tile at a time, before he may knock', () => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp(
[[t(6, 6), t(0, 0)], [t(1, 1), t(1, 2)], [t(3, 3)], [t(4, 4)]],
0,
DOUBLE_SIX,
[t(2, 3), t(6, 1), t(0, 5)],
)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(() => g.pass()).toThrow()
expect(g.mustDraw).toBe(true)
expect(g.draw()).toBe(t(0, 5))
expect(g.voids[1][6]).toBe(true)
expect(g.mustDraw).toBe(true)
expect(g.draw()).toBe(t(6, 1))
// Now he has a six: no more drawing, and no knocking either.
expect(g.mustDraw).toBe(false)
expect(() => g.draw()).toThrow()
expect(g.current).toBe(1)
g.play(t(6, 1), 'right')
})
it('refuses a knock from a player who can play, and remembers the numbers a knock gives away', () => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp(
[
[t(6, 6), t(0, 0), t(0, 1), t(0, 2), t(0, 3), t(0, 4), t(0, 5)],
[t(1, 1), t(1, 2), t(1, 3), t(1, 4), t(1, 5), t(2, 2), t(2, 3)],
[t(6, 5), t(0, 6), t(2, 4), t(2, 5), t(1, 6), t(2, 6), t(3, 3)],
[t(3, 4), t(3, 5), t(3, 6), t(4, 4), t(4, 5), t(4, 6), t(5, 5)],
],
0,
DOUBLE_SIX,
)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(g.legal()).toEqual([])
g.pass()
expect(g.voids[1][6]).toBe(true)
expect(() => g.pass()).toThrow()
})
})
describe('the count', () => {
const at = (hands: number[][]) => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp(hands, 0, null)
return g
}
it('adds the open ends, with a double on an end counting both halves', () => {
const g = at([[t(5, 5), t(0, 0)], [t(5, 0), t(1, 1)], [t(0, 3), t(2, 2)], [t(6, 6), t(4, 4)]])
g.play(t(5, 5), 'right')
expect(g.count).toBe(10) // the spinner alone: both halves
expect(g.scores[0]).toBe(10)
g.play(t(5, 0), 'right')
expect(g.count).toBe(10) // spinner still counts, one side open: 10 + 0
expect(g.scores[1]).toBe(10)
g.play(t(0, 3), 'right')
expect(g.count).toBe(13)
expect(g.scores[2]).toBe(0)
})
it('stops counting the spinner once both its sides are covered', () => {
const g = at([[t(5, 5), t(1, 1)], [t(5, 0), t(2, 2)], [t(5, 3), t(4, 4)], [t(6, 6), t(3, 3)]])
g.play(t(5, 5), 'right')
g.play(t(5, 0), 'right')
g.play(t(5, 3), 'left')
expect(g.count).toBe(3) // 3 + 0: the spinner has dropped out
expect(g.ends.map((e) => e.side)).toEqual(['left', 'right', 'up', 'down'])
})
it('scores the first tile if it is a multiple of five', () => {
const g = at([[t(6, 4), t(1, 1)], [t(2, 2)], [t(3, 3)], [t(0, 0)]])
g.play(t(6, 4), 'right')
expect(g.scores[0]).toBe(10)
})
it('ends the game the moment somebody reaches the target', () => {
const g = new Game(1, 10)
g.setUp([[t(5, 5), t(1, 1)], [t(2, 2)], [t(3, 3)], [t(0, 0)]], 0, null)
g.play(t(5, 5), 'right')
expect(g.phase).toBe('over')
expect(g.winner).toBe(0)
expect(g.result?.how).toBe('reached')
})
})
describe('scoring', () => {
it('keeps the board in fives', async () => {
const { toFive } = await import('./game')
expect([0, 2, 3, 12, 13, 22, 23, 29, 31].map(toFive)).toEqual([0, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 30])
})
it('gives the player who goes out every pip left in the other hands, to the nearest five', () => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp([[t(6, 6)], [t(1, 2)], [t(3, 4)], [t(0, 6)]], 0, null)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(g.result).toMatchObject({ how: 'domino', winner: 0, pips: 3 + 7 + 6, points: 15 })
expect(g.scores).toEqual([15, 0, 0, 0])
expect(g.phase).toBe('scored')
})
it('gives a blocked hand to the lowest count', () => {
// Every six but the last is already somewhere nobody can use it: once
// the 6-6 goes down against a six, there is no six left in any hand.
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp([[t(6, 6), t(0, 1)], [t(4, 5)], [t(2, 2)], [t(3, 3)]], 0, null)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(g.result).toMatchObject({ how: 'block', winner: 0, pips: 9 + 4 + 6, points: 20 })
})
it('scores nobody when the lowest count is tied, and moves the lead left', () => {
const g = new Game(1)
g.setUp([[t(6, 6), t(0, 2)], [t(1, 1)], [t(4, 5)], [t(3, 5)]], 0, null)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(g.result).toMatchObject({ how: 'block', winner: null, points: 0 })
g.nextHand()
expect(g.current).toBe(1)
expect(g.mustOpen).toBeNull()
})
it('ends the game at the target', () => {
const g = new Game(1, 10)
g.setUp([[t(6, 6)], [t(1, 2)], [t(3, 4)], [t(0, 5)]], 0, null)
g.play(t(6, 6), 'right')
expect(g.phase).toBe('over')
expect(g.winner).toBe(0)
})
})
src/game/game.ts
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import { seatPeople, type Person } from './names'
import { makeRng, shuffle, type Rng } from './rng'
import { TILE_COUNT, count, has, isDouble, other, sortHand, tileOf, TILES, type Tile } from './tiles'
/**
* All Fives, four players, each for themselves.
*
* Five tiles each and the other eight face down in the boneyard. A player
* who cannot match an open end draws from it, one at a time, until he can;
* only when the boneyard is empty does he knock and let the turn go by.
* Play passes to the left, which from the seat at the bottom of the screen is
* West, then North, then East.
*
* The first hand is opened by whoever was dealt the highest double, with
* that double. Every later hand is led by the last hand's winner, with
* anything.
*
* The points come as you play. After every tile the open ends are added up
* -- a double on an end counts both halves -- and if the total is a
* multiple of five, whoever laid it scores that many on the spot.
*
* A hand ends when somebody lays their last tile, or when nobody at the table
* holds a tile that matches any open end. Whoever went out, or holds the lowest
* count in a blocked hand, scores every pip left in the other three hands,
* to the nearest five. The first to the target wins the game, the moment
* they reach it, in the middle of a hand if that is where it happens.
*
* The first double laid is the spinner. The line runs through it like any
* double, and once both of those sides are covered, its top and bottom open
* too, and the line can grow four ways instead of two. Until then the
* spinner counts both its halves in the total; after, only the ends count.
*/
export const SEATS = 4
export const HAND_SIZE = 5
export type Side = 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down'
export const SIDES: readonly Side[] = ['left', 'right', 'up', 'down']
/** Where the spinner is: the first tile, or a double somewhere out along one arm of the line. */
export interface Spinner {
tile: Tile
arm: 'center' | 'left' | 'right'
index: number
}
export interface End {
side: Side
value: number
}
export interface Move {
tile: Tile
side: Side
}
/** A tile on the table, away from the first one: the end it was laid against, and the end it leaves. */
export interface Link {
tile: Tile
inner: number
outer: number
}
export interface Center {
tile: Tile
left: number
right: number
}
export interface HandResult {
/** Out, blocked, or somebody reached the target in the middle of the hand. */
how: 'domino' | 'block' | 'reached'
/** Null when a blocked hand ties for the lowest count, and nobody scores. */
winner: number | null
/** What went on the board: the pips, to the nearest five. */
points: number
/** The pips themselves, before rounding. */
pips: number
counts: number[]
hands: Tile[][]
}
export type GameEvent =
| { kind: 'deal'; hand: number; leader: number; mustOpen: Tile | null }
| { kind: 'play'; seat: number; tile: Tile; side: Side | null; spinner: boolean }
| { kind: 'pass'; seat: number; ends: number[] }
| { kind: 'draw'; seat: number; tile: Tile }
| { kind: 'score'; seat: number; points: number }
| { kind: 'domino'; seat: number; points: number }
| { kind: 'block'; seat: number | null; points: number; counts: number[] }
| { kind: 'win'; seat: number }
export type Phase = 'play' | 'scored' | 'over'
/** To the nearest five: 22 is 20, 23 is 25. */
export const toFive = (n: number) => Math.round(n / 5) * 5
export class Game {
readonly rng: Rng
readonly target: number
/** Who sits where: 'You', then the three at the table. */
readonly people: Person[]
readonly names: string[]
hands: Tile[][] = []
/** Face down in the middle, to be drawn by whoever cannot go. */
boneyard: Tile[] = []
center: Center | null = null
left: Link[] = []
right: Link[] = []
up: Link[] = []
down: Link[] = []
spinner: Spinner | null = null
phase: Phase = 'play'
current = 0
leader = 0
handNo = 0
/** The highest double dealt, which has to open the first hand. Null once it is down, and in every later hand. */
mustOpen: Tile | null = null
scores = [0, 0, 0, 0]
/**
* What everybody at the table knows about who is out of which number: a
* player who knocks on a 3 and a 5 holds neither. Reset every hand. The bots
* read this and the hand sizes, and never anybody's tiles.
*/
voids: boolean[][] = []
played: Tile[] = []
result: HandResult | null = null
winner: number | null = null
events: GameEvent[] = []
constructor(seed: number, target = 250) {
this.rng = makeRng(seed)
this.target = target
this.people = seatPeople(seed)
this.names = this.people.map((p) => p.name)
this.deal(null)
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------ dealing
private deal(leader: number | null) {
for (;;) {
const deck = shuffle(
this.rng,
Array.from({ length: TILE_COUNT }, (_, t) => t),
)
const hands = Array.from({ length: SEATS }, (_, s) => deck.slice(s * HAND_SIZE, (s + 1) * HAND_SIZE))
const boneyard = deck.slice(SEATS * HAND_SIZE)
if (leader !== null) return this.setUp(hands, leader, null, boneyard)
// The highest double dealt opens. Nobody dealt a double at all is a
// misdeal, and the tiles go back in and round again.
for (let n = 6; n >= 0; n--) {
const d = tileOf(n, n)
const holder = hands.findIndex((h) => h.includes(d))
if (holder >= 0) return this.setUp(hands, holder, d, boneyard)
}
}
}
/** A hand from given tiles. The deal uses it, and so do the tests. */
setUp(hands: Tile[][], leader: number, mustOpen: Tile | null, boneyard: Tile[] = []) {
this.hands = hands.map(sortHand)
this.boneyard = [...boneyard]
this.center = null
this.left = []
this.right = []
this.up = []
this.down = []
this.spinner = null
this.played = []
this.voids = Array.from({ length: SEATS }, () => Array(7).fill(false))
this.result = null
this.phase = 'play'
this.handNo++
this.leader = leader
this.current = leader
this.mustOpen = mustOpen
this.events.push({ kind: 'deal', hand: this.handNo, leader, mustOpen })
}
nextHand() {
if (this.phase !== 'scored' || !this.result) throw new Error('the hand is not over')
// A tied block scores nothing, and the lead moves on to the left.
this.deal(this.result.winner ?? (this.leader + 1) % SEATS)
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------- state
arm(side: Side): Link[] {
return side === 'left' ? this.left : side === 'right' ? this.right : side === 'up' ? this.up : this.down
}
/**
* Whether the spinner's top and bottom are open: both sides of it along the
* line are covered. On the first tile that is one tile each way; out on an
* arm, its inner side is the line itself, so one tile beyond it will do.
*/
get spinnerOpen(): boolean {
const sp = this.spinner
if (!sp) return false
if (sp.arm === 'center') return this.left.length > 0 && this.right.length > 0
return this.arm(sp.arm).length > sp.index + 1
}
/** Every open end and the number showing on it. Empty before the first tile. */
get ends(): End[] {
const c = this.center
if (!c) return []
const tip = (side: Side, start: number): End => {
const a = this.arm(side)
return { side, value: a.length ? a[a.length - 1].outer : start }
}
const out = [tip('left', c.left), tip('right', c.right)]
if (this.spinner && this.spinnerOpen) {
const n = TILES[this.spinner.tile][0]
out.push(tip('up', n), tip('down', n))
}
return out
}
/** The numbers showing, each once. What a knock gives away. */
get endValues(): number[] {
return [...new Set(this.ends.map((e) => e.value))]
}
/**
* The count: every open end added up, the way All Fives adds them. A
* double on the end of an arm counts both halves. The first tile, alone,
* counts both its ends; a double there counts both halves once. The
* spinner's top and bottom count only once something is on them.
*/
get count(): number {
const c = this.center
if (!c) return 0
if (!this.left.length && !this.right.length) return c.left + c.right
const tip = (arm: Link[]) => {
const l = arm[arm.length - 1]
return isDouble(l.tile) ? 2 * l.inner : l.outer
}
const d = isDouble(c.tile) ? 2 : 1
let n = (this.left.length ? tip(this.left) : d * c.left) + (this.right.length ? tip(this.right) : d * c.right)
if (this.up.length) n += tip(this.up)
if (this.down.length) n += tip(this.down)
return n
}
/** What the count would score: itself if it is a multiple of five, otherwise nothing. */
get scoring(): number {
const n = this.count
return n > 0 && n % 5 === 0 ? n : 0
}
fits(t: Tile, side: Side): boolean {
if (!this.center) return this.mustOpen === null || t === this.mustOpen
const end = this.ends.find((e) => e.side === side)
return end !== undefined && has(t, end.value)
}
/** Every move open to a seat: each tile, on each end it matches. */
legal(seat = this.current): Move[] {
if (this.phase !== 'play' || seat !== this.current) return []
const hand = this.hands[seat]
if (!this.center) {
return hand.filter((t) => this.mustOpen === null || t === this.mustOpen).map((tile) => ({ tile, side: 'right' as const }))
}
const ends = this.ends
const moves: Move[] = []
for (const tile of hand) for (const e of ends) if (has(tile, e.value)) moves.push({ tile, side: e.side })
return moves
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------- moves
play(tile: Tile, side: Side) {
if (this.phase !== 'play') throw new Error('the hand is over')
const seat = this.current
const hand = this.hands[seat]
const at = hand.indexOf(tile)
if (at < 0) throw new Error('not in hand')
if (!this.fits(tile, side)) throw new Error('does not fit')
const first = !this.center
let spun = false
if (first) {
const [a, b] = TILES[tile]
this.center = { tile, left: a, right: b }
this.mustOpen = null
if (isDouble(tile)) {
this.spinner = { tile, arm: 'center', index: 0 }
spun = true
}
} else {
const end = this.ends.find((e) => e.side === side)!.value
const arm = this.arm(side)
arm.push({ tile, inner: end, outer: other(tile, end) })
if (!this.spinner && isDouble(tile) && (side === 'left' || side === 'right')) {
this.spinner = { tile, arm: side, index: arm.length - 1 }
spun = true
}
}
hand.splice(at, 1)
this.played.push(tile)
this.events.push({ kind: 'play', seat, tile, side: first ? null : side, spinner: spun })
const points = this.scoring
if (points) {
this.scores[seat] += points
this.events.push({ kind: 'score', seat, points })
if (this.scores[seat] >= this.target) return this.finish('reached', seat)
}
if (hand.length === 0) return this.finish('domino', seat)
if (this.blocked()) return this.finish('block', null)
this.current = (seat + 1) % SEATS
}
/** Whether the player to move must draw: nothing fits, and there is something to draw. */
get mustDraw(): boolean {
return this.phase === 'play' && !!this.center && this.legal().length === 0 && this.boneyard.length > 0
}
/**
* Take one tile from the boneyard. Only for a player with nothing that
* fits; the turn stays with him, to play what he drew or draw again.
*/
draw(): Tile {
if (!this.mustDraw) throw new Error(this.boneyard.length ? 'a player who can play must' : 'the boneyard is empty')
const seat = this.current
// Drawing says as much as knocking does: he holds none of these numbers.
for (const v of this.endValues) this.voids[seat][v] = true
const tile = this.boneyard.pop()!
this.hands[seat] = sortHand([...this.hands[seat], tile])
this.events.push({ kind: 'draw', seat, tile })
// Everybody else is still to go before anyone could be stuck, so a draw
// never blocks the hand: the next pass or play will see to that.
return tile
}
pass() {
if (this.phase !== 'play') throw new Error('the hand is over')
if (this.legal().length) throw new Error('a player who can play must')
if (this.boneyard.length) throw new Error('draw first')
const seat = this.current
const values = this.endValues
for (const v of values) this.voids[seat][v] = true
this.events.push({ kind: 'pass', seat, ends: values })
if (this.blocked()) return this.finish('block', null)
this.current = (seat + 1) % SEATS
}
/**
* The boneyard is empty and nobody holds a tile that matches any open end.
* (A spinner that is not open yet is itself the end on its unfinished
* side, so its number is counted.) While there are tiles to draw the hand
* is never blocked: somebody has to draw them first.
*/
private blocked(): boolean {
if (this.boneyard.length) return false
const values = this.endValues
return this.hands.every((h) => h.every((t) => !values.some((v) => has(t, v))))
}
/**
* The numbers that would be showing after a move, without making it. The
* tile goes down, the ends are read, and it comes straight back up.
*/
endsAfter(tile: Tile, side: Side): number[] {
if (!this.center) {
const [a, b] = TILES[tile]
return [...new Set([a, b])]
}
const spinner = this.spinner
const end = this.ends.find((e) => e.side === side)!.value
const arm = this.arm(side)
arm.push({ tile, inner: end, outer: other(tile, end) })
if (!spinner && isDouble(tile) && (side === 'left' || side === 'right')) this.spinner = { tile, arm: side, index: arm.length - 1 }
const values = this.endValues
arm.pop()
this.spinner = spinner
return values
}
/** What a move would score as it goes down, without making it. */
scoreAfter(tile: Tile, side: Side): number {
if (!this.center) {
const [a, b] = TILES[tile]
return (a + b) % 5 === 0 && a + b > 0 ? a + b : 0
}
const end = this.ends.find((e) => e.side === side)!.value
const arm = this.arm(side)
arm.push({ tile, inner: end, outer: other(tile, end) })
const points = this.scoring
arm.pop()
return points
}
private finish(how: HandResult['how'], seat: number | null) {
const counts = this.hands.map(count)
let winner = seat
if (how === 'reached') {
this.result = { how, winner, points: 0, pips: 0, counts, hands: this.hands.map((h) => [...h]) }
this.phase = 'over'
this.winner = seat
this.events.push({ kind: 'win', seat: seat! })
return
}
if (how === 'block') {
const low = Math.min(...counts)
const lowest = counts.flatMap((c, s) => (c === low ? [s] : []))
winner = lowest.length === 1 ? lowest[0] : null
}
const pips = winner === null ? 0 : counts.reduce((sum, c, s) => (s === winner ? sum : sum + c), 0)
const points = toFive(pips)
if (winner !== null) this.scores[winner] += points
this.result = { how, winner, points, pips, counts, hands: this.hands.map((h) => [...h]) }
this.events.push(how === 'domino' ? { kind: 'domino', seat: seat!, points } : { kind: 'block', seat: winner, points, counts })
if (winner !== null && this.scores[winner] >= this.target) {
this.phase = 'over'
this.winner = winner
this.events.push({ kind: 'win', seat: winner })
} else this.phase = 'scored'
}
}
src/game/layout.test.ts
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import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
import { step } from './bot'
import { Game } from './game'
import { layout, type Spot } from './layout'
const overlap = (a: Spot, b: Spot) =>
a.x < b.x + b.w - 1e-9 && b.x < a.x + a.w - 1e-9 && a.y < b.y + b.h - 1e-9 && b.y < a.y + a.h - 1e-9
/** Two tiles share a stretch of edge. */
const touch = (a: Spot, b: Spot) => {
const sideBySide = (Math.abs(a.x + a.w - b.x) < 1e-9 || Math.abs(b.x + b.w - a.x) < 1e-9) && a.y < b.y + b.h && b.y < a.y + a.h
const stacked = (Math.abs(a.y + a.h - b.y) < 1e-9 || Math.abs(b.y + b.h - a.y) < 1e-9) && a.x < b.x + b.w && b.x < a.x + a.w
return sideBySide || stacked
}
/** Plays hands out, and lays the table after every tile. */
function* tables(seeds: number) {
for (let seed = 1; seed <= seeds; seed++) {
const g = new Game(seed)
while (g.phase === 'play') {
step(g)
yield g
}
}
}
describe('the table', () => {
for (const width of [10, 14, 20, 26]) {
it(`never lays one tile over another, ${width} half-tiles wide`, () => {
// One expect at the end: tens of thousands of them are what is slow.
const bad: string[] = []
for (const g of tables(200)) {
const spots = layout(g, width)
if (spots.length !== g.played.length) bad.push('count')
for (let i = 0; i < spots.length; i++) {
for (let j = i + 1; j < spots.length; j++) if (overlap(spots[i], spots[j])) bad.push(`overlap ${i} ${j}`)
if (i > 0 && !spots.some((o, j) => j !== i && touch(spots[i], o))) bad.push(`floating ${i}`)
}
}
expect(bad.slice(0, 5)).toEqual([])
})
}
it('grows four ways once the spinner opens', () => {
let four = 0
for (const g of tables(200)) if (g.up.length && g.down.length) four++
expect(four).toBeGreaterThan(0)
})
it('marks the spinner, and only the spinner', () => {
for (const g of tables(60)) {
const marked = layout(g, 20).filter((s) => s.spinner)
expect(marked.map((s) => s.tile)).toEqual(g.spinner ? [g.spinner.tile] : [])
}
})
})
src/game/layout.ts
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import type { Center, Link, Side, Spinner } from './game'
import { isDouble, type Tile } from './tiles'
/**
* Where each tile on the table goes.
*
* The line is laid out from a hub: the spinner if there is one, otherwise
* the first tile. From the hub it runs east and west, and once the spinner
* opens, north and south too. When the spinner is not the first tile, the
* part of the line between them is simply one of the spinner's arms, laid
* back the other way, so the spinner always sits in the middle of the
* table where everybody can see it.
*
* An arm that reaches the edge of its room turns a corner, always the same
* way round -- east turns north, north turns west, west turns south, south
* turns east -- so four arms wind outward like a pinwheel instead of into
* each other. Each leg can run further than the last, which keeps the
* windings apart. A tile that would still land on another is turned early.
*
* Units are half a tile: a tile is 2 long and 1 wide. (0, 0) is the middle
* of the hub.
*/
export interface Spot {
tile: Tile
x: number
y: number
w: number
h: number
/** The number drawn at the left end, or the top end of a tile on end. */
first: number
second: number
arm: 'center' | Side
ghost?: boolean
spinner?: boolean
}
export interface Line {
center: Center | null
left: readonly Link[]
right: readonly Link[]
up: readonly Link[]
down: readonly Link[]
spinner: Spinner | null
}
type Vec = [number, number]
interface Item {
link: Link
side: Side
ghost?: boolean
}
const flip = (l: Link): Link => ({ tile: l.tile, inner: l.outer, outer: l.inner })
/** A quarter turn, anticlockwise on the screen: east to north, north to west. */
const turn = ([dx, dy]: Vec): Vec => [dy, -dx]
/**
* `width` is how many half-tiles the table has across, which sets how far
* each leg runs before it turns. Pads are places for a held tile at the
* open ends, laid out like tiles but drawn as outlines.
*/
export function layout(line: Line, width: number, pads: Partial<Record<Side, Link>> = {}): Spot[] {
const { center, left, right, up, down, spinner } = line
if (!center) return []
// The hub, and what runs off it in each direction, outward.
let hub: { tile: Tile; first: number; second: number }
let east: Item[]
let west: Item[]
const tag = (side: Side) => (l: Link): Item => ({ link: l, side })
if (!spinner || spinner.arm === 'center') {
hub = { tile: center.tile, first: center.left, second: center.right }
east = right.map(tag('right'))
west = left.map(tag('left'))
} else if (spinner.arm === 'right') {
const k = spinner.index
hub = { tile: right[k].tile, first: right[k].inner, second: right[k].inner }
east = right.slice(k + 1).map(tag('right'))
west = [
...right.slice(0, k).reverse().map(flip).map(tag('right')),
{ link: { tile: center.tile, inner: center.right, outer: center.left }, side: 'left' as const },
...left.map(tag('left')),
]
} else {
const k = spinner.index
hub = { tile: left[k].tile, first: left[k].inner, second: left[k].inner }
west = left.slice(k + 1).map(tag('left'))
east = [
...left.slice(0, k).reverse().map(flip).map(tag('left')),
{ link: { tile: center.tile, inner: center.left, outer: center.right }, side: 'right' as const },
...right.map(tag('right')),
]
}
const north = up.map(tag('up'))
const south = down.map(tag('down'))
if (pads.right) east.push({ link: pads.right, side: 'right', ghost: true })
if (pads.left) west.push({ link: pads.left, side: 'left', ghost: true })
if (pads.up) north.push({ link: pads.up, side: 'up', ghost: true })
if (pads.down) south.push({ link: pads.down, side: 'down', ghost: true })
const out: Spot[] = []
const hubDouble = isDouble(hub.tile)
out.push({
tile: hub.tile,
...(hubDouble ? { x: -0.5, y: -1, w: 1, h: 2 } : { x: -1, y: -0.5, w: 2, h: 1 }),
first: hub.first,
second: hub.second,
arm: 'center',
spinner: spinner !== null,
})
// How far a leg may run: each further out than the one before.
const reachX = Math.max(4, Math.floor(width / 4))
const reachY = 3
const clear = (s: { x: number; y: number; w: number; h: number }) =>
out.every((o) => !(s.x < o.x + o.w - 1e-9 && o.x < s.x + s.w - 1e-9 && s.y < o.y + o.h - 1e-9 && o.y < s.y + s.h - 1e-9))
const lay = (items: Item[], start: Vec, dir: Vec, halfAcross: number) => {
let p = start
let d = dir
let across = halfAcross
let leg = 0
let run = 0
/** The tile's rectangle, laid from open point `p` in direction `d`. */
const place = (tile: Tile, p: Vec, d: Vec) => {
const along = isDouble(tile) ? 1 : 2
const wide = isDouble(tile) ? 2 : 1
const cx = p[0] + (d[0] * along) / 2
const cy = p[1] + (d[1] * along) / 2
const w = d[0] !== 0 ? along : wide
const h = d[0] !== 0 ? wide : along
return { x: cx - w / 2, y: cy - h / 2, w, h, along, wide }
}
/** Round the corner: the next tile starts off the side of the last one's end. */
const corner = (p: Vec, d: Vec, across: number): [Vec, Vec] => {
const c: Vec = [p[0] - d[0] * 0.5, p[1] - d[1] * 0.5]
const d2 = turn(d)
return [[c[0] + d2[0] * across, c[1] + d2[1] * across], d2]
}
for (const item of items) {
const { link } = item
const limit = (d[0] !== 0 ? reachX : reachY) * (leg + 1)
const along = isDouble(link.tile) ? 1 : 2
let r = place(link.tile, p, d)
if (run + along > limit || !clear(r)) {
;[p, d] = corner(p, d, across)
leg++
run = 0
r = place(link.tile, p, d)
// Still in the way: one more quarter turn is always room somewhere.
if (!clear(r)) {
;[p, d] = corner(p, d, 0.5)
leg++
r = place(link.tile, p, d)
}
}
// Which number is drawn first (left, or top) depends on which way the arm is running.
const backwards = d[0] < 0 || d[1] < 0
out.push({
tile: link.tile,
x: r.x,
y: r.y,
w: r.w,
h: r.h,
first: backwards ? link.outer : link.inner,
second: backwards ? link.inner : link.outer,
arm: item.side,
ghost: item.ghost,
})
p = [p[0] + d[0] * r.along, p[1] + d[1] * r.along]
run += r.along
across = r.wide / 2
}
}
const halfW = hubDouble ? 0.5 : 1
const halfH = hubDouble ? 1 : 0.5
lay(east, [halfW, 0], [1, 0], halfH)
lay(west, [-halfW, 0], [-1, 0], halfH)
lay(north, [0, -halfH], [0, -1], halfW)
lay(south, [0, halfH], [0, 1], halfW)
return out
}
export function bounds(spots: readonly Spot[]) {
if (spots.length === 0) return { x0: -1, y0: -1, x1: 1, y1: 1 }
return {
x0: Math.min(...spots.map((s) => s.x)),
y0: Math.min(...spots.map((s) => s.y)),
x1: Math.max(...spots.map((s) => s.x + s.w)),
y1: Math.max(...spots.map((s) => s.y + s.h)),
}
}
src/game/names.ts
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import { makeRng, shuffle } from './rng'
/**
* Who is sitting at the table.
*
* Three men for each game, young and old mixed -- at least one of each,
* because the table is better for the argument between them. They come from
* their own stream of the seed rather than the deal's, so naming the players
* can never change which tiles anybody gets.
*
* The compass points stay as the seats: play goes to the left, which from
* the bottom of the screen is West, then North, then East.
*/
export const COMPASS = ['South', 'West', 'North', 'East'] as const
export type Age = 'old' | 'young'
export interface Person {
name: string
age: Age
}
const OLD = [
'Pops', 'Old Man Ray', 'Uncle Winston', 'Big Earl', 'Don Ramón', 'Mr. Delroy', 'Grandpa Joe', 'Clarence',
'Papi Tomás', 'Otis', 'Mr. Lucius', 'Tío Hector',
]
const YOUNG = [
'Junior', 'Tito', 'DeShawn', 'Marcus', 'Kenny', 'Javi', 'Lil Mike', 'Andre', 'Darnell', 'Rico', 'Jaylen', 'Manny',
]
/** Everybody at the table, the player first. */
export function seatPeople(seed: number): Person[] {
const rng = makeRng(seed ^ 0x4e414d45)
const olds = shuffle(rng, OLD).map((name) => ({ name, age: 'old' as const }))
const youngs = shuffle(rng, YOUNG).map((name) => ({ name, age: 'young' as const }))
const third = rng() < 0.5 ? olds[1] : youngs[1]
return [{ name: 'You', age: 'young' }, ...shuffle(rng, [olds[0], youngs[0], third])]
}
export const seatNames = (seed: number) => seatPeople(seed).map((p) => p.name)
src/game/play.test.ts
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import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
import { EVEN, leanings, step } from './bot'
import { Game, SEATS } from './game'
import { makeRng } from './rng'
import { count, pips } from './tiles'
/**
* Plays a whole game. A seat without a bot plays at random, or, if `greedy`,
* always its heaviest tile -- the rule of thumb most people start with.
*/
function playOut(seed: number, bots: boolean[], target = 250, greedy = false) {
const g = new Game(seed, target)
const lean = leanings(seed, SEATS)
const rng = makeRng(seed * 7 + 1)
let hands = 0
while (g.phase !== 'over') {
if (g.phase === 'scored') {
g.nextHand()
continue
}
const seat = g.current
if (bots[seat]) step(g, lean[seat])
else {
const moves = g.legal()
if (moves.length === 0) {
if (g.mustDraw) g.draw()
else g.pass()
}
else {
const m = greedy
? moves.reduce((x, y) => (pips(y.tile) > pips(x.tile) ? y : x))
: moves[Math.floor(rng() * moves.length)]
g.play(m.tile, m.side)
}
}
// Nothing is ever lost or doubled. Thrown rather than expected: an
// expect on every move of thousands of games is most of the run time.
if (g.phase === 'play' && g.played.length + g.boneyard.length + g.hands.reduce((n, h) => n + h.length, 0) !== 28) {
throw new Error(`seed ${seed}: tiles went missing`)
}
if (g.phase !== 'play') hands++
}
return { g, hands }
}
describe('whole games', () => {
it('always finish, with the scores adding up', () => {
const rounds: number[] = []
for (let seed = 1; seed <= 200; seed++) {
const { g, hands } = playOut(seed, [true, true, true, true])
expect(g.winner).not.toBeNull()
expect(g.scores[g.winner!]).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(250)
for (const s of g.scores) expect(s % 5).toBe(0)
rounds.push(hands)
}
const avg = rounds.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / rounds.length
// First to 250, scoring fives as they fall: measured at about six hands.
expect(avg).toBeGreaterThan(3)
expect(avg).toBeLessThan(12)
})
it('leave a knock only to a player who has nothing that fits', () => {
const g = new Game(3)
for (let i = 0; i < 400 && g.phase !== 'over'; i++) {
if (g.phase === 'scored') {
g.nextHand()
continue
}
const before = g.legal().length
const bones = g.boneyard.length
const m = step(g, EVEN)
// Nothing fits: draw while there is something to draw, then knock.
if (before === 0) expect(m).toBe(bones ? 'draw' : null)
else expect(m).not.toBeNull()
}
})
it('a bot beats three players who play at random, clearly', () => {
let wins = 0
const N = 400
for (let seed = 1; seed <= N; seed++) {
const { g } = playOut(seed, [true, false, false, false])
if (g.winner === 0) wins++
}
// One seat in four would win by chance.
expect(wins / N).toBeGreaterThan(0.4)
})
it('a bot beats three players who always lay their heaviest tile', () => {
// Measured at 54% over two thousand games; one in four is chance.
let wins = 0
const N = 400
for (let seed = 1; seed <= N; seed++) if (playOut(seed, [true, false, false, false], 250, true).g.winner === 0) wins++
expect(wins / N).toBeGreaterThan(0.4)
})
it('no seat is favored when four bots play', () => {
const seats = [0, 0, 0, 0]
for (let seed = 1; seed <= 400; seed++) seats[playOut(seed, [true, true, true, true]).g.winner!]++
for (const s of seats) expect(s).toBeGreaterThan(70)
})
it('a blocked hand is scored from what is actually left', () => {
for (let seed = 1; seed <= 300; seed++) {
const { g } = playOut(seed, [true, true, true, true], 1)
const r = g.result!
expect(r.counts).toEqual(r.hands.map(count))
}
})
})
src/game/rng.ts
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/**
* mulberry32 — small, fast, seedable PRNG.
* The dice and the deal come from it, and so do the bots' leanings, so a seed
* replays a whole game exactly and a test can throw the same dice twice.
*/
export function makeRng(seed: number) {
let a = seed >>> 0
return function rng(): number {
a = (a + 0x6d2b79f5) >>> 0
let t = a
t = Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 15), t | 1)
t ^= t + Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 7), t | 61)
return ((t ^ (t >>> 14)) >>> 0) / 4294967296
}
}
export type Rng = ReturnType<typeof makeRng>
export function shuffle<T>(rng: Rng, items: readonly T[]): T[] {
const out = [...items]
for (let i = out.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
const j = Math.floor(rng() * (i + 1))
;[out[i], out[j]] = [out[j], out[i]]
}
return out
}
src/game/talk.ts
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import type { Game, GameEvent } from './game'
import type { Age, Person } from './names'
import { isDouble, pips } from './tiles'
/**
* The table talk.
*
* Nobody plays dominoes in silence. Every tile gets a word from somebody:
* the man who laid it, or whoever has an opinion about it, which at this
* table is everyone. The old men talk like they have been winning since
* before the young ones were born; the young ones talk like it is about
* to stop.
*
* It is flavor and nothing else. It reads the same things the bots read --
* what just happened, the score, how many tiles each man holds -- and it
* says nothing about anybody's hand that the table does not already know.
*/
type Say = (who: string) => string
type Lines = Record<Age, readonly (string | Say)[]>
/** Laying a tile, nothing special about it. */
const PLAY: Lines = {
old: [
'Learn something, young man.',
'Watch and learn.',
'I was doing this before your daddy was born.',
'Mm-hm. That’s how it’s done.',
'Don’t rush me. I got all night.',
'Pay attention, now.',
'Ahh, look at that.',
'Somebody count for me, my glasses are in the car.',
'That’s forty years of practice right there.',
'Too easy.',
],
young: [
'Yeah, that’s me. That’s all me.',
'Keep up, old man.',
'Easy work.',
'Y’all ain’t ready.',
'Put that on my tab.',
'Say less.',
'Oh, I’m cooking tonight.',
'That’s a problem for somebody.',
'I’m just getting warm.',
'Too smooth.',
],
}
/** Slamming a big tile down. */
const HEAVY: Lines = {
old: ['FEEL that one!', 'Heavy! Pick THAT up!', 'That’s grown-man weight.', 'Hear that table? That’s respect.'],
young: ['BOOM!', 'Get that outta here!', 'Heavy hands tonight!', 'Shook the whole table!'],
}
/** Laying a double. */
const DOUBLE: Lines = {
old: ['Double. Like my blood pressure.', 'Two for the price of one.', 'Doubles, baby.'],
young: ['Double trouble!', 'Doubled up. Deal with it.', 'Two of ’em. Crossways. Beautiful.'],
}
/** The first double: the spinner. */
const SPINNER: Lines = {
old: ['There’s your spinner, boys. Four ways now.', 'Spinner’s down. Now it gets interesting.'],
young: ['SPINNER! Open it up!', 'Spinner on the table. Four ways, let’s go.'],
}
/** Setting the high double to open the game. */
const SET: Lines = {
old: ['High double. Let’s go to work.', 'Sit down, boys. School is in session.'],
young: ['Big double on the table. Y’all better pray.', 'Opening heavy. Let’s eat.'],
}
/** Going to the boneyard. */
const DRAW_SELF: Lines = {
old: ['Going fishing. Don’t look at me.', 'Boneyard. I’m shopping, that’s all.', 'Hmph. Let me see what’s in the yard.'],
young: ['Man, boneyard again?', 'Fishing. Don’t say nothing.', 'Hold on, hold on, I’m shopping.'],
}
/** Somebody else is drawing. */
const DRAW_OTHER: Lines = {
old: [(w) => `${w} going to the boneyard again. Buy something nice.`, (w) => `Keep digging, ${w}.`],
young: [(w) => `${w} out here fishing! HA!`, (w) => `Look at ${w} shopping in the yard.`],
}
/** The player is drawing. */
const DRAW_YOU: Lines = {
old: ['Go on, draw. We’ll wait.', 'Boneyard’s that way, son.'],
young: ['Fishing already?! Ha!', 'Draw, draw, draw. Take your time, rookie.'],
}
/** Having to knock. */
const KNOCK_SELF: Lines = {
old: ['Pass. Don’t start.', 'Knock knock. Not a word from you.', 'I’m letting you have one. Out of pity.', 'Hmph. Pass.'],
young: ['Man, pass. This deal is rigged.', 'Knock. Whoever shuffled, I’m looking at you.', 'Pass. I’m chilling.', 'Nah. Pass. Relax.'],
}
/** Somebody else just knocked, and this man has a word about it. */
const KNOCK_OTHER: Lines = {
old: [
(w) => `${w}, you knocking already? Go home.`,
(w) => `Look at ${w} knocking. Just like his daddy.`,
(w) => `${w} got nothing. Nothing!`,
(w) => `Hear that, ${w}? That’s the sound of losing.`,
],
young: [
(w) => `${w} knocking?! Ha! Somebody take his chair.`,
(w) => `Ohhh, ${w} is STUCK.`,
(w) => `${w} ain’t got it, y’all!`,
(w) => `Knock knock, ${w}. Who’s there? Not you.`,
],
}
/** The player knocked. */
const KNOCK_YOU: Lines = {
old: ['You knocking, son? Sit up straight.', 'Pass? Already? Lord.', 'That’s okay. Everybody starts somewhere.'],
young: ['You knocking?! Somebody get the camera!', 'Bro, you got NOTHING.', 'Ain’t nothing in that hand but air.'],
}
/** The player just laid a tile. */
const AFTER_YOU: Lines = {
old: ['That’s what you went with? Hm.', 'Not bad for a rookie.', 'I seen worse. Not much worse.', 'Take your time, take your time.'],
young: ['Oh, that’s cute.', 'You sure about that?', 'Okay, okay. I see you.', 'That’s all you got?'],
}
/** Scoring: the count is a multiple of five, and he calls it. */
const SCORE: Lines = {
old: [
(n) => `${n}! Mark me down, and use a sharp pencil.`,
(n) => `That’s ${n}. Write it big.`,
(n) => `${n}. Been counting since before you could.`,
(n) => `Gimme my ${n}.`,
(n) => `${n}! Put another stick on my house.`,
],
young: [
(n) => `${n}! Mark it! MARK IT!`,
(n) => `That’s ${n}, baby! Write it down!`,
(n) => `${n} on the board. Y’all watching?`,
(n) => `Count it: ${n}. Easy money.`,
(n) => `${n}! Somebody get the pencil!`,
],
}
/** The player scored. */
const YOU_SCORED: Lines = {
old: [
(n) => `Mm. Give the boy his ${n}.`,
(n) => `${n}? Even a broken clock.`,
(n) => `Fine. ${n}. Don’t let it go to your head.`,
],
young: [
(n) => `${n}?! Who taught you that?`,
(n) => `Aight, aight, mark him ${n}. Lucky.`,
(n) => `${n}. Enjoy it, that’s your last.`,
],
}
/** Down to the last tile. */
const LAST_ONE: Lines = {
old: ['One left. Get your money ready.', 'Last one, boys. Say your prayers.'],
young: ['One tile, y’all! ONE!', 'Last one. Somebody better stop me.'],
}
/** Going out. */
const DOMINO: Lines = {
old: ['DOMINO! Count ’em up and weep.', 'DOMINÓ! Pay the old man!', 'Domino. Like taking candy from babies.'],
young: ['DOMINOOO! Count it up!', 'DOMINO! Somebody write that DOWN!', 'Out! Pay me, pay me, pay me!'],
}
/** Somebody else went out. */
const LOST_HAND: Lines = {
old: ['Lucky. Pure luck.', 'Hmph. Even a blind hog finds an acorn.', 'Enjoy it. It won’t last.'],
young: ['Man, what?! Reshuffle!', 'That’s crazy. Deal again.', 'Nah, that was luck, and everybody saw it.'],
}
/** A blocked hand. */
const BLOCKED: Lines = {
old: ['Locked up tight. Count your bones.', 'She’s closed! Everybody show your hand.'],
young: ['Blocked?! Count it up, count it up!', 'Nobody can go! Flip ’em!'],
}
/** Winning the game. */
const WIN: Lines = {
old: ['That’s game. Same time next week, boys.', 'Game! Tell your mama I said hello.', 'Game. Somebody fetch me a cold one.'],
young: ['GAME! I told y’all! I TOLD Y’ALL!', 'That’s game! Run it back if you want another one!', 'Game over. Y’all can stay mad.'],
}
/** The player won the game. */
const YOU_WON: Lines = {
old: ['Well, damn. Beginner’s luck.', 'Hmph. I let you have that one.', 'Good game, young man. Don’t get cocky.'],
young: ['Run it back. Right now.', 'Nah, that was a fluke. Again!', 'Okay, okay. Respect. Now deal.'],
}
/** The player talked trash, and somebody is not having it. */
const COMEBACK: Lines = {
old: [
'Boy, hush and play.',
'Talk is cheap. Tiles ain’t.',
'I been insulted by better men than you.',
'Cute. Write that one down for your memoirs.',
'Keep talking. I’ll keep counting.',
'Your mouth is writing checks your hand can’t cash.',
],
young: [
'That’s the best you got?',
'Bro wrote that on a napkin.',
'Words don’t score, rookie.',
'Okay, comedian. Scoreboard.',
'Who laughed? Nobody laughed.',
'Say that again when you got points.',
],
}
export interface Chat {
seat: number
text: string
}
const pick = (rng: () => number, lines: readonly (string | Say)[], who: string) => {
const l = lines[Math.floor(rng() * lines.length)]
return typeof l === 'string' ? l : l(who)
}
/**
* Who says what after an event, or nothing. `human` never talks: the words
* are the bots'. `rng` is not the game's, so talking changes no tile.
*/
export function banter(e: GameEvent, g: Game, people: readonly Person[], human: number, rng: () => number): Chat | null {
const bots = people.map((_, s) => s).filter((s) => s !== human)
const other = (not: number) => {
const pool = bots.filter((s) => s !== not)
return pool[Math.floor(rng() * pool.length)]
}
const say = (seat: number, lines: Lines, who = '') => ({ seat, text: pick(rng, lines[people[seat].age], who) })
switch (e.kind) {
case 'play': {
if (e.seat === human) return say(other(human), AFTER_YOU)
if (g.phase === 'play' && g.hands[e.seat].length === 1) return say(e.seat, LAST_ONE)
if (e.side === null && isDouble(e.tile) && g.handNo === 1) return say(e.seat, SET)
if (e.spinner) return say(e.seat, SPINNER)
if (pips(e.tile) >= 10) return say(e.seat, HEAVY)
if (isDouble(e.tile) && rng() < 0.7) return say(e.seat, DOUBLE)
return say(e.seat, PLAY)
}
case 'pass':
if (e.seat === human) return say(other(human), KNOCK_YOU)
// Half the time he makes an excuse; the other half somebody else gets there first.
return rng() < 0.5 ? say(e.seat, KNOCK_SELF) : say(other(e.seat), KNOCK_OTHER, people[e.seat].name)
case 'draw':
// Not every tile drawn: a man drawing four gets one remark, not four.
if (rng() < 0.55) return null
if (e.seat === human) return say(other(human), DRAW_YOU)
return rng() < 0.5 ? say(e.seat, DRAW_SELF) : say(other(e.seat), DRAW_OTHER, people[e.seat].name)
case 'score':
return e.seat === human ? say(other(human), YOU_SCORED, String(e.points)) : say(e.seat, SCORE, String(e.points))
case 'domino':
return e.seat === human ? say(other(human), LOST_HAND) : say(e.seat, DOMINO)
case 'block':
return say(e.seat !== null && e.seat !== human ? e.seat : other(human), BLOCKED)
case 'win':
return e.seat === human ? say(other(human), YOU_WON) : say(e.seat, WIN)
default:
return null
}
}
/** A bot answering the player's trash talk: one of the three, at random. */
export function comeback(people: readonly Person[], human: number, rng: () => number): Chat {
const bots = people.map((_, s) => s).filter((s) => s !== human)
const seat = bots[Math.floor(rng() * bots.length)]
return { seat, text: pick(rng, COMEBACK[people[seat].age], '') }
}
src/game/tiles.ts
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/**
* The double-six set: every pair of numbers from blank to six, once each,
* which is twenty-eight tiles. A tile is its index into TILES, and each pair
* is stored low end first.
*/
export type Tile = number
export const TILES: readonly (readonly [number, number])[] = (() => {
const out: [number, number][] = []
for (let a = 0; a <= 6; a++) for (let b = a; b <= 6; b++) out.push([a, b])
return out
})()
export const TILE_COUNT = TILES.length
export const tileOf = (a: number, b: number): Tile =>
TILES.findIndex(([x, y]) => x === Math.min(a, b) && y === Math.max(a, b))
export const DOUBLE_SIX = tileOf(6, 6)
export const pips = (t: Tile) => TILES[t][0] + TILES[t][1]
export const isDouble = (t: Tile) => TILES[t][0] === TILES[t][1]
export const has = (t: Tile, n: number) => TILES[t][0] === n || TILES[t][1] === n
/** The end left showing when this tile is laid against `n`. */
export const other = (t: Tile, n: number) => (TILES[t][0] === n ? TILES[t][1] : TILES[t][0])
export const count = (hand: readonly Tile[]) => hand.reduce((sum, t) => sum + pips(t), 0)
export const NUMBERS = ['blank', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six'] as const
/** "6–4", or "double six". Written high end first, the way people say them. */
export function tileName(t: Tile): string {
const [a, b] = TILES[t]
return a === b ? `double ${NUMBERS[a]}` : `${b}–${a}`
}
/** Highest first: doubles by their number, then by the high end, then the low. */
export function sortHand(hand: readonly Tile[]): Tile[] {
return [...hand].sort((x, y) => {
const [xa, xb] = TILES[x]
const [ya, yb] = TILES[y]
return yb - xb || ya - xa
})
}
src/game/trash.test.ts
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import { expect, it } from 'vitest'
import { fiveLines, POOL_SIZE, trashLine } from './trash'
it('holds exactly a million lines, every one different', () => {
expect(POOL_SIZE).toBe(1_000_000)
// Neighbors differ in their last pick, and the far ends differ in every pick.
const sample = [0, 1, 49, 50, 1999, 2000, 49_999, 50_000, 999_998, 999_999]
expect(new Set(sample.map(trashLine)).size).toBe(sample.length)
expect(trashLine(0)).toBe('Yo, you play like a raccoon with oven mitts on.')
expect(trashLine(999_999)).toBe('Straight up, you been playing like a weather man at halftime.')
})
it('offers five different lines at a time', () => {
for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) expect(new Set(fiveLines()).size).toBe(5)
})
src/game/trash.ts
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/**
* The player's own trash talk: a million canned lines, five at a time.
*
* Nobody writes a million lines. Four short lists do it instead -- how the
* line opens, what it goes after, what it is compared to, and how the
* comparison ends -- and every way of picking one from each is a line:
* 20 × 25 × 40 × 50 is exactly 1,000,000. A line's number is its four picks
* read as one mixed-radix number, so every number from 0 to 999,999 is a
* different line and none is ever stored.
*
* They are meant to be dumb. That is the point of them.
*/
const OPENERS = [
'Yo,', 'Man,', 'Listen,', 'Real talk,', 'No offense,', 'Bless your heart,', 'Look here,', 'Ay,',
'Not gonna lie,', 'With all due respect,', 'Hate to say it,', 'Honestly,', 'Ha,', 'Lord have mercy,',
'Somebody tell him,', 'I’m just saying,', 'Hold up,', 'Say what you want,', 'Between you and me,', 'Straight up,',
] as const
const JABS = [
'you play like', 'you shuffle like', 'you count like', 'you slam tiles like', 'you think like',
'that play looked like', 'your hand looks like', 'your strategy is', 'watching you is like watching', 'you knock like',
'you fish the boneyard like', 'you hold your tiles like', 'you talk trash like', 'you sit at this table like',
'you celebrate like', 'your spinner game is', 'your whole family plays like', 'you take your time like',
'you read the board like', 'you defend like', 'you score like', 'that last move was', 'you lose like',
'you smile like', 'you been playing like',
] as const
const LIKE = [
'a raccoon', 'a Roomba', 'my grandma', 'a toddler', 'a sleepy mall cop', 'a golden retriever',
'a substitute teacher', 'a lost tourist', 'a pigeon', 'a vending machine', 'a used car salesman', 'a mime',
'a lawn chair', 'a wet sock', 'a potato', 'a GPS', 'a flip phone', 'a DMV clerk', 'a sleepy cat', 'a traffic cone',
'a folding chair', 'a rookie', 'a garden gnome', 'a bowl of soup', 'a confused goat', 'a karaoke drunk',
'a parking meter', 'a broken ice machine', 'a telemarketer', 'a scarecrow', 'a turtle', 'a dial-up modem',
'a birthday clown', 'a screen door', 'a lawn flamingo', 'a busted piñata', 'a Sunday school teacher', 'a squirrel',
'a hot dog vendor', 'a weather man',
] as const
const TAILS = [
'with oven mitts on.', 'trying to parallel park.', 'at a funeral.', 'on a Tuesday.', 'who lost his glasses.',
'in the rain.', 'after Thanksgiving dinner.', 'stuck in traffic.', 'with the hiccups.', 'on its first day.',
'in flip-flops.', 'at 3 a.m.', 'doing its taxes.', 'in a wind tunnel.', 'that just woke up.', 'with no batteries.',
'at a job interview.', 'reading the manual upside down.', 'during a blackout.', 'on roller skates.', 'at the DMV.',
'on a sugar crash.', 'in a hurricane.', 'that lost the remote.', 'with mittens on.', 'in the wrong church.',
'at a spelling bee.', 'on the last day of school.', 'after two naps.', 'on dial-up.', 'with a sprained ankle.',
'at a surprise party.', 'in slow motion.', 'in a three-piece suit.', 'with its eyes closed.', 'that forgot the rules.',
'in a mall parking lot.', 'on the first day of spring.', 'after one beer.', 'with stage fright.', 'in a hot tub.',
'at a magic show.', 'on a treadmill.', 'that owes me money.', 'at a bingo hall.', 'that got stood up.', 'on a boat.',
'with a cold.', 'in a museum.', 'at halftime.',
] as const
export const POOL_SIZE = OPENERS.length * JABS.length * LIKE.length * TAILS.length
/** Line number `n`, 0 to POOL_SIZE - 1. */
export function trashLine(n: number): string {
let k = n
const tail = TAILS[k % TAILS.length]
k = Math.floor(k / TAILS.length)
const like = LIKE[k % LIKE.length]
k = Math.floor(k / LIKE.length)
const jab = JABS[k % JABS.length]
k = Math.floor(k / JABS.length)
const opener = OPENERS[k % OPENERS.length]
return `${opener} ${jab} ${like} ${tail}`
}
/** Five different lines, drawn at random from the whole pool. */
export function fiveLines(rng: () => number = Math.random): string[] {
const picked = new Set<number>()
while (picked.size < 5) picked.add(Math.floor(rng() * POOL_SIZE))
return [...picked].map(trashLine)
}
src/index.css
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:root {
font-synthesis: none;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
color-scheme: dark;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body, #root { height: 100%; margin: 0; }
body {
background: radial-gradient(120% 90% at 50% 0%, #23324a 0%, #16202f 55%, #0d141d 100%);
color: #f2e9d8;
font-family: ui-rounded, "Nunito", "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", system-ui, sans-serif;
}
src/main.tsx
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import { StrictMode } from 'react'
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client'
import './index.css'
import App from './App.tsx'
import { Crash } from './components/Crash.tsx'
createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
<StrictMode>
<Crash>
<App />
</Crash>
</StrictMode>,
)
tsconfig.app.json
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"tsBuildInfoFile": "./node_modules/.tmp/tsconfig.app.tsbuildinfo",
"target": "es2023",
"lib": ["ES2023", "DOM"],
"module": "esnext",
"types": ["vite/client"],
"allowArbitraryExtensions": true,
"resolveJsonModule": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
/* Bundler mode */
"moduleResolution": "bundler",
"allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
"verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
"moduleDetection": "force",
"noEmit": true,
"jsx": "react-jsx",
"strict": true,
/* Linting */
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true
},
"include": ["src"]
}
tsconfig.json
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{
"files": [],
"references": [
{ "path": "./tsconfig.app.json" },
{ "path": "./tsconfig.node.json" }
]
}
tsconfig.node.json
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"tsBuildInfoFile": "./node_modules/.tmp/tsconfig.node.tsbuildinfo",
"target": "es2023",
"lib": ["ES2023"],
"types": ["node"],
"skipLibCheck": true,
/* Bundler mode */
"module": "nodenext",
"allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
"verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
"moduleDetection": "force",
"noEmit": true,
/* Linting */
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true
},
"include": ["vite.config.ts"]
}
vite.config.ts
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import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
// Vitest is left on its defaults on purpose: it already picks up *.test.ts and
// nothing else, and importing `vitest/config` here drags in a second copy of
// vite whose plugin types disagree with this one's.
//
// There is no dev proxy here, unlike the arcade games on the site. They post
// scores to a shared service; this one has nothing to post.
export default defineConfig({
// Asset URLs are baked in at build time, so this has to match the path the
// game is served from. Local development stays at the root.
base: process.env.BASE_PATH ?? '/',
plugins: [react()],
})
web/Dockerfile
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# The game is a static bundle. It is built here and served by nginx, in its own
# container - it shares nothing with the rest of the site but the domain.
#
# It talks to no service at all. There is no score to post: a game against
# three bots is won or lost, and the points in it are only the way there.
FROM node:26-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY tsconfig*.json vite.config.ts index.html ./
COPY public ./public
COPY src ./src
# Must match where the host proxies it, or the asset URLs will be wrong.
ARG BASE_PATH=/dominoes/
ENV BASE_PATH=${BASE_PATH}
RUN npm run build
FROM nginx:alpine
COPY web/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
COPY --from=build /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
EXPOSE 8080
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --retries=3 \
CMD wget -qO- http://127.0.0.1:8080/healthz >/dev/null || exit 1
web/nginx.conf
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server {
listen 8080;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Hashed filenames, so they can be cached hard.
location /assets/ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
add_header Cache-Control "no-cache";
}
location = /healthz {
access_log off;
return 200 "ok\n";
}
}