x:MaskedEmail is no longer refused as unbuilt. Creates generate the address
on an allowed domain and check the prefix, maxMaskedAddresses and the create
rate; updates keep server-set fields; enabled reads and writes map to the
shared state; query filters on enabled, forDomain and text; a tenant
administrator reaches its tenant's accounts' masks.
Upstream commit: 474dd0229cb20cf513036619781ed97bd8073c3f
Enterprise-only files removed or emptied: 63
Enterprise-only snippets removed: 117 in 50 files
Dangling module declarations removed: 5
Cargo edits turning enterprise off: 14
Verification: clean
Enterprise feature gates left for rebuilt features: 19 in 18 files
Produced by tools/fork/strip.py. The full report is in docs/fork/strip-reports/ on main.