Import upstream v0.16.22, stripped

Upstream commit: 474dd0229cb20cf513036619781ed97bd8073c3f
Enterprise-only files removed or emptied: 63
Enterprise-only snippets removed: 117 in 50 files
Dangling module declarations removed: 5
Cargo edits turning enterprise off: 14
Verification: clean
Enterprise feature gates left for rebuilt features: 19 in 18 files

Produced by tools/fork/strip.py. The full report is in docs/fork/strip-reports/ on main.

tests/resources/jmap/email_get/text_body_missing.eml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+From: "Doug Sauder" <[email protected]>
+To: "Joe Blow" <[email protected]>
+Subject: Test message from Microsoft Outlook 00
+Date: Wed, 17 May 2000 19:35:05 -0400
+Message-ID: <[email protected]>
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: image/png;
+	name="redball.png"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+Content-Disposition: attachment;
+	filename="redball.png"
+X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
+X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
+X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
+Importance: Normal
+X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2314.1300
+
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