Import upstream v0.16.22, stripped

Upstream commit: 474dd0229cb20cf513036619781ed97bd8073c3f
Enterprise-only files removed or emptied: 63
Enterprise-only snippets removed: 117 in 50 files
Dangling module declarations removed: 5
Cargo edits turning enterprise off: 14
Verification: clean
Enterprise feature gates left for rebuilt features: 19 in 18 files

Produced by tools/fork/strip.py. The full report is in docs/fork/strip-reports/ on main.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/confirmed_issue.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: Bug Report (auto-closed)
+description: Issues opened here are automatically closed. Please report bugs at support.stalw.art instead.
+labels: ["bug"]
+title: "🪲: "
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > **Issues opened directly in this repository are automatically closed and locked.**
+        >
+        > All bug reports must first be triaged at our support portal: **[support.stalw.art](https://support.stalw.art)**. If a maintainer confirms that your report is a genuine bug, they will create an Issue on your behalf; you do not need to (and should not) open one yourself.
+        >
+        > You can sign in to support.stalw.art with your existing GitHub account, so no separate registration is required.
+        >
+        > **What to do instead:**
+        > - Suspected bug, question, or feature request? Post it at [support.stalw.art](https://support.stalw.art).
+        >
+        > If you proceed and submit this form anyway, your issue will be closed automatically and a comment will be posted explaining this policy.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    attributes:
+      label: Acknowledgement
+      options:
+        - label: I understand that this issue will be automatically closed and that I should post my report at [support.stalw.art](https://support.stalw.art) instead.
+          required: true