Refactor ubuntu-to-mint conversion script
This commit is contained in:
LINUXexpert.org
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
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# ubuntu-to-mint-convert-v3.sh
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#
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# Copyright (C) 2026 LINUXexpert.org
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#
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# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
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#
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# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
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# Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.
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#
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
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# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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#
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
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# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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# for more details.
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
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# with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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#
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# Keep Ubuntu as the base OS and add Linux Mint repos + Mint desktop/tooling.
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@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ on_err() {
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trap 'on_err "$LINENO" "$?"' ERR
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need_root() { [[ ${EUID:-$(id -u)} -eq 0 ]] || die "Run as root (use sudo)."; }
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have_cmd() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; }
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usage() {
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@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ set_targets_from_ubuntu() {
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case "$UBUNTU_CODENAME" in
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noble)
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UBUNTU_BASE="noble"
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DEFAULT_MINT="zena" # Mint 22.3 recommended on Ubuntu Noble base
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DEFAULT_MINT="zena" # Mint 22.3 on Ubuntu Noble base
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ALLOWED_TARGETS="zena zara xia wilma"
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;;
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jammy)
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@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ set_targets_from_ubuntu() {
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ALLOWED_TARGETS="virginia victoria vera vanessa"
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;;
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*)
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die "Unsupported Ubuntu codename '$UBUNTU_CODENAME'. This script supports Ubuntu noble (24.04) or jammy (22.04) only."
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die "Unsupported Ubuntu codename '$UBUNTU_CODENAME'. Supports Ubuntu noble (24.04) or jammy (22.04) only."
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;;
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esac
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@@ -167,7 +166,6 @@ set_targets_from_ubuntu() {
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TARGET_MINT="$DEFAULT_MINT"
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fi
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# Validate target is allowed for this base
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local ok_target="no"
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for t in $ALLOWED_TARGETS; do
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[[ "$TARGET_MINT" == "$t" ]] && ok_target="yes"
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@@ -187,43 +185,37 @@ preflight_common() {
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set_targets_from_ubuntu
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ok "Ubuntu base: ${UBUNTU_BASE} | Target Mint codename: ${TARGET_MINT} | Edition: ${EDITION}"
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# Refuse containers (too many surprises)
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if have_cmd systemd-detect-virt; then
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if systemd-detect-virt --container >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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die "Detected container environment. Aborting."
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fi
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fi
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# Architecture check
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local arch
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arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
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[[ "$arch" == "amd64" ]] || warn "Architecture is '$arch'. Mint is typically amd64 on desktops. Proceeding may fail."
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[[ "$arch" == "amd64" ]] || warn "Architecture is '$arch'. Proceeding may fail."
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# APT locks
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if fuser /var/lib/dpkg/lock >/dev/null 2>&1 || fuser /var/lib/apt/lists/lock >/dev/null 2>&1 || fuser /var/cache/apt/archives/lock >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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die "APT/DPKG lock is held (updates running?). Close Software Updater/apt and try again."
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fi
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# dpkg health
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if dpkg --audit | grep -q .; then
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warn "dpkg reports issues (dpkg --audit not empty). Attempting to fix..."
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DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive dpkg --configure -a
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fi
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DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y -f install
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# Network reachability (lightweight)
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have_cmd curl || DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates
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# Network reachability checks (soft warnings)
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have_cmd curl || (DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates)
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curl -fsS --max-time 10 "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/" >/dev/null || warn "Cannot reach archive.ubuntu.com (may be corporate mirror/proxy setup)."
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curl -fsS --max-time 10 "${MINT_MIRROR%/}/" >/dev/null || warn "Cannot reach Mint mirror ${MINT_MIRROR} (may be intermittent)."
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# Disk space
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local root_free
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root_free="$(df -Pm / | awk 'NR==2{print $4}')"
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if [[ "${root_free:-0}" -lt 6144 ]]; then
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warn "Low free space on / (${root_free} MB). Recommend >= 6GB free."
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fi
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# Battery check (if laptop)
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if [[ -d /sys/class/power_supply ]]; then
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local on_batt="no"
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for ps in /sys/class/power_supply/*; do
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@@ -237,7 +229,6 @@ preflight_common() {
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[[ "$on_batt" == "yes" ]] && warn "System appears to be on battery. Plug into AC before convert."
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fi
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# Snap inventory (for corporate safety)
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if have_cmd snap; then
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info "Snap detected. Installed snaps:"
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snap list || true
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@@ -248,29 +239,23 @@ preflight_common() {
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ok "Preflight completed."
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}
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# Try to detect Ubuntu mirrors from existing config so we don't break corporate proxy/mirrors.
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detect_ubuntu_mirrors() {
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local sources_txt=""
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# collect possible deb lines from .list and .sources
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if [[ -r /etc/apt/sources.list ]]; then sources_txt+="$(grep -E '^[[:space:]]*deb ' /etc/apt/sources.list || true)"$'\n'; fi
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if compgen -G "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list" >/dev/null; then
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sources_txt+="$(grep -RhsE '^[[:space:]]*deb ' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list || true)"$'\n'
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fi
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if compgen -G "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.sources" >/dev/null; then
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# very rough extraction of URIs from deb822 sources
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sources_txt+="$(grep -RhsE '^[[:space:]]*URIs:[[:space:]]*' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.sources | awk '{print $2}' || true)"$'\n'
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fi
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# defaults
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UBUNTU_ARCHIVE_MIRROR="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu"
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UBUNTU_SECURITY_MIRROR="http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu"
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# try to find an existing archive mirror
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local m
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m="$(echo "$sources_txt" | grep -Eo 'https?://[^ ]+/ubuntu' | head -n1 || true)"
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[[ -n "$m" ]] && UBUNTU_ARCHIVE_MIRROR="$m"
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# try to find an existing security mirror
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local s
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s="$(echo "$sources_txt" | grep -Eo 'https?://[^ ]+/ubuntu' | grep -E 'security\.ubuntu\.com|/ubuntu-security' | head -n1 || true)"
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[[ -n "$s" ]] && UBUNTU_SECURITY_MIRROR="$s"
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@@ -279,23 +264,36 @@ detect_ubuntu_mirrors() {
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info "Ubuntu security mirror: ${UBUNTU_SECURITY_MIRROR}"
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}
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mint_repo_key_install() {
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# Linux Mint repository signing key (short ID commonly referenced as A6616109451BBBF2)
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# We fetch via hkps and store as a dedicated keyring file for signed-by usage.
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# -----------------------------
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# KEYRING HANDLING (UPDATED)
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# -----------------------------
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mint_repo_key_write_to() {
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# Writes the Linux Mint repo signing key to a specified keyring path.
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# Uses the Ubuntu keyserver and dearmors into the target file.
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local out_keyring="$1"
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local keyid="A6616109451BBBF2"
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local keyring="/usr/share/keyrings/linuxmint-repo.gpg"
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info "Installing Linux Mint repo signing key into ${keyring}"
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[[ -n "$out_keyring" ]] || die "mint_repo_key_write_to requires an output path"
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DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y
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DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y gnupg dirmngr ca-certificates
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mkdir -p "$(dirname "$out_keyring")"
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local gnupghome
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gnupghome="$(mktemp -d)"
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chmod 700 "$gnupghome"
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gpg --homedir "$gnupghome" --batch --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys "$keyid"
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gpg --homedir "$gnupghome" --batch --export "$keyid" | gpg --dearmor -o "$keyring"
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chmod 644 "$keyring"
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gpg --homedir "$gnupghome" --batch --export "$keyid" | gpg --dearmor -o "$out_keyring"
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chmod 644 "$out_keyring"
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rm -rf "$gnupghome"
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}
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mint_repo_key_install() {
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local keyring="/usr/share/keyrings/linuxmint-repo.gpg"
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info "Installing Linux Mint repo signing key into ${keyring}"
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mint_repo_key_write_to "$keyring"
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ok "Key installed."
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}
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@@ -320,7 +318,6 @@ deb ${UBUNTU_ARCHIVE_MIRROR%/} ${UBUNTU_BASE}-backports main restricted universe
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deb ${UBUNTU_SECURITY_MIRROR%/} ${UBUNTU_BASE}-security main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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# Neutralize /etc/apt/sources.list to avoid dupes
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if [[ -f /etc/apt/sources.list ]]; then
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sed -i 's/^[[:space:]]*deb /# deb /' /etc/apt/sources.list || true
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fi
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@@ -332,20 +329,12 @@ write_mint_pinning_system() {
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local pref="/etc/apt/preferences.d/50-linuxmint-conversion.pref"
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info "Writing conservative APT pinning to ${pref}"
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# Conservative:
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# - Default Mint origin priority low (100) so Ubuntu wins for overlapping packages.
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# - Promote Mint desktop/tooling patterns to 700 so they come from Mint and update from Mint.
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cat > "$pref" <<'EOF'
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# Conservative pinning for Ubuntu->Mint Option B conversion.
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# Keep Ubuntu as default; allow Mint only for Mint desktop/tooling packages.
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#
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# Default: low priority for Mint origin so it won't replace base packages automatically.
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Package: *
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Pin: origin "packages.linuxmint.com"
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Pin-Priority: 100
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# Mint tooling / desktop stack: prefer Mint packages.
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Package: mint* mintsources* mintupdate* mintsystem* mintstick* mintmenu* mintdrivers* mintreport* mintwelcome* mintlocale*
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Package: mint* mintsources* mintupdate* mintsystem* mintstick* mintmenu* mintlocale* mintdrivers* mintreport* mintwelcome*
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Pin: origin "packages.linuxmint.com"
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Pin-Priority: 700
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@@ -358,23 +347,18 @@ EOF
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}
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disable_thirdparty_sources_system() {
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# Moves third-party sources out of the way to reduce conflicts during install.
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# We back them up first and leave a marker so rollback can restore.
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local backup_dir="$1"
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local disabled_dir="${backup_dir}/disabled-sources"
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mkdir -p "$disabled_dir"
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info "Disabling 3rd-party sources (PPAs, vendor repos) into: ${disabled_dir}"
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info "Disabling 3rd-party sources into: ${disabled_dir}"
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shopt -s nullglob
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for f in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.sources; do
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# keep our generated official list intact
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[[ "$(basename "$f")" == "official-package-repositories.list" ]] && continue
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# disable everything else unless user opted to keep
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mv -v "$f" "${disabled_dir}/" || true
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done
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shopt -u nullglob
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ok "Third-party sources disabled (restorable via rollback)."
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}
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@@ -394,12 +378,8 @@ backup_system_state() {
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apt-mark showhold > "${backup_dir}/apt-holds.txt" || true
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systemctl list-unit-files --state=enabled > "${backup_dir}/enabled-services.txt" || true
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if have_cmd snap; then
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snap list > "${backup_dir}/snap-list.txt" || true
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fi
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if have_cmd flatpak; then
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flatpak list > "${backup_dir}/flatpak-list.txt" || true
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fi
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if have_cmd snap; then snap list > "${backup_dir}/snap-list.txt" || true; fi
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if have_cmd flatpak; then flatpak list > "${backup_dir}/flatpak-list.txt" || true; fi
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ok "Backup complete."
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echo "$backup_dir"
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@@ -408,36 +388,56 @@ backup_system_state() {
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timeshift_snapshot_best_effort() {
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if have_cmd timeshift; then
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info "Timeshift detected. Attempting pre-change snapshot (best-effort)..."
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# Timeshift might not be configured; don't fail conversion if it can't snapshot.
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timeshift --create --comments "pre ubuntu->mint option-b $(date -Is)" --tags D || warn "Timeshift snapshot failed (may not be configured)."
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else
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warn "Timeshift not installed. Strongly recommended to snapshot/backup before converting."
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fi
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}
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# ---------------------------------------
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# PLAN MODE (UPDATED - SELF-SUFFICIENT)
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# ---------------------------------------
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apt_simulate_with_temp_sources() {
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# Use a temporary APT environment for plan mode: no system changes.
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# Plan mode: simulate using a temporary APT environment.
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# NOTE: This does not change system APT sources. It MAY install gnupg/dirmngr if missing,
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# because we need to fetch and dearmor the Mint repo key for signed-by verification.
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local tmp
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tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
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mkdir -p "$tmp/etc/apt/sources.list.d" "$tmp/var/lib/apt/lists/partial" "$tmp/var/cache/apt/archives/partial"
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mkdir -p \
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"$tmp/etc/apt/sources.list.d" \
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"$tmp/etc/apt/preferences.d" \
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"$tmp/var/lib/apt/lists/partial" \
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"$tmp/var/cache/apt/archives/partial" \
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"$tmp/usr/share/keyrings"
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# Keyring: use system keyring file if present; otherwise, we can't verify Mint repo.
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local keyring="/usr/share/keyrings/linuxmint-repo.gpg"
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[[ -r "$keyring" ]] || die "Mint keyring not found at ${keyring}. Run convert once (it installs key) or install key manually."
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local temp_keyring="$tmp/usr/share/keyrings/linuxmint-repo.gpg"
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info "Plan mode: creating temporary Mint keyring at $temp_keyring"
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mint_repo_key_write_to "$temp_keyring"
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detect_ubuntu_mirrors
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cat > "$tmp/etc/apt/sources.list" <<EOF
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deb [signed-by=${keyring}] ${MINT_MIRROR%/} ${TARGET_MINT} main upstream import backport
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deb [signed-by=${temp_keyring}] ${MINT_MIRROR%/} ${TARGET_MINT} main upstream import backport
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deb ${UBUNTU_ARCHIVE_MIRROR%/} ${UBUNTU_BASE} main restricted universe multiverse
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deb ${UBUNTU_ARCHIVE_MIRROR%/} ${UBUNTU_BASE}-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb ${UBUNTU_ARCHIVE_MIRROR%/} ${UBUNTU_BASE}-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb ${UBUNTU_SECURITY_MIRROR%/} ${UBUNTU_BASE}-security main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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# Pinning file inside temp etc
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mkdir -p "$tmp/etc/apt/preferences.d"
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write_mint_pinning_system >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
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cp -a /etc/apt/preferences.d/50-linuxmint-conversion.pref "$tmp/etc/apt/preferences.d/" 2>/dev/null || true
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cat > "$tmp/etc/apt/preferences.d/50-linuxmint-conversion.pref" <<'EOF'
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Package: *
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Pin: origin "packages.linuxmint.com"
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Pin-Priority: 100
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Package: mint* mintsources* mintupdate* mintsystem* mintstick* mintmenu* mintlocale* mintdrivers* mintreport* mintwelcome*
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Pin: origin "packages.linuxmint.com"
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Pin-Priority: 700
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Package: cinnamon* nemo* muffin* cjs* xapp* slick-greeter* lightdm* pix* xviewer* mint-themes* mint-y-icons* mint-x-icons*
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Pin: origin "packages.linuxmint.com"
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Pin-Priority: 700
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EOF
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info "Plan mode: apt update (temporary dirs)..."
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apt-get \
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@@ -460,20 +460,20 @@ EOF
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pkgs+=(mint-meta-core mint-meta-codecs mintsystem mintupdate mintsources)
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info "Plan mode: simulated install: ${pkgs[*]}"
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local plan_log="$LOG_DIR/plan-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).txt"
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apt-get \
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-o Dir::Etc="$tmp/etc/apt" \
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-o Dir::State="$tmp/var/lib/apt" \
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-o Dir::Cache="$tmp/var/cache/apt" \
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-o Dir::State::status="/var/lib/dpkg/status" \
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-o Acquire::Retries=3 \
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-s install $recommends "${pkgs[@]}" | tee "$LOG_DIR/plan-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).txt" >/dev/null
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-s install $recommends "${pkgs[@]}" | tee "$plan_log" >/dev/null
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rm -rf "$tmp"
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ok "Plan completed. Review the plan log in ${LOG_DIR}."
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ok "Plan completed. Review: $plan_log"
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}
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parse_and_guard_apt_actions() {
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# Guard rails: abort if apt wants to remove critical packages.
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local sim_output_file="$1"
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[[ -r "$sim_output_file" ]] || die "Missing simulation output: $sim_output_file"
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@@ -484,7 +484,6 @@ parse_and_guard_apt_actions() {
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info "APT simulation: packages marked for removal: ${removed_count}"
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# Critical packages we refuse to remove (extend as needed)
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local critical_re='^(sudo|openssh-server|ssh|network-manager|systemd|systemd-sysv|dbus|polkit|linux-image|linux-generic|linux-modules|grub|grub2|initramfs-tools|libc6|libstdc\+\+6|snapd)$'
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local bad=""
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while IFS= read -r p; do
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@@ -500,15 +499,14 @@ parse_and_guard_apt_actions() {
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fi
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if [[ "$removed_count" -gt 20 ]]; then
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die "Refusing to proceed: too many removals (${removed_count}). Re-run with --with-recommends off (default), or inspect conflicts."
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die "Refusing to proceed: too many removals (${removed_count}). Inspect conflicts."
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fi
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ok "Guard rails passed (no critical removals; removals <= 20)."
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ok "Guard rails passed."
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}
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convert_apply() {
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[[ "$ACCEPT_RISK" == "yes" ]] || die "You must pass --i-accept-the-risk to run convert."
|
||||
|
||||
preflight_common
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if [[ "$ASSUME_YES" != "yes" ]]; then
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@@ -523,7 +521,6 @@ convert_apply() {
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backup_dir="$(backup_system_state)"
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timeshift_snapshot_best_effort
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|
||||
# Quiet apt timers that can race us
|
||||
systemctl stop apt-daily.service apt-daily-upgrade.service 2>/dev/null || true
|
||||
systemctl kill --kill-who=all apt-daily.service apt-daily-upgrade.service 2>/dev/null || true
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -537,7 +534,6 @@ convert_apply() {
|
||||
write_mint_sources_system
|
||||
write_mint_pinning_system
|
||||
|
||||
# Update + simulate real install on the real system (but still simulation first)
|
||||
info "APT update..."
|
||||
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=3 update
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -550,18 +546,13 @@ convert_apply() {
|
||||
mate) pkgs+=(mint-meta-mate) ;;
|
||||
xfce) pkgs+=(mint-meta-xfce) ;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
# keep this minimal; meta packages can be large – avoid recommends by default
|
||||
pkgs+=(mint-meta-core mintsystem mintupdate mintsources)
|
||||
|
||||
# Optional codecs (often desired, but can pull extra) – keep it but still no recommends
|
||||
pkgs+=(mint-meta-codecs)
|
||||
pkgs+=(mint-meta-core mintsystem mintupdate mintsources mint-meta-codecs)
|
||||
|
||||
info "Simulation (safety check) of install: ${pkgs[*]}"
|
||||
local sim_out="${backup_dir}/apt-sim-install.txt"
|
||||
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -s install $recommends "${pkgs[@]}" | tee "$sim_out" >/dev/null
|
||||
parse_and_guard_apt_actions "$sim_out"
|
||||
|
||||
# Execute install
|
||||
info "Installing Mint packages..."
|
||||
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
|
||||
export NEEDRESTART_MODE=a
|
||||
@@ -571,7 +562,6 @@ convert_apply() {
|
||||
$recommends \
|
||||
"${pkgs[@]}"
|
||||
|
||||
# Preserve Snap (Mint often pins snapd; we undo that if it appears and user asked to preserve)
|
||||
if [[ "$PRESERVE_SNAP" == "yes" ]]; then
|
||||
local nosnap="/etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref"
|
||||
if [[ -f "$nosnap" ]]; then
|
||||
@@ -581,12 +571,6 @@ convert_apply() {
|
||||
fi
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Post-checks
|
||||
info "Post-checks:"
|
||||
apt-cache policy mintsystem | sed 's/^/ /' || true
|
||||
if have_cmd cinnamon; then cinnamon --version | sed 's/^/ /' || true; fi
|
||||
if have_cmd nemo; then nemo --version | sed 's/^/ /' || true; fi
|
||||
|
||||
ok "Conversion complete (Option B)."
|
||||
info "Backup dir: ${backup_dir}"
|
||||
info "Log file: ${LOG_FILE}"
|
||||
@@ -599,7 +583,7 @@ convert_apply() {
|
||||
|
||||
rollback_apply() {
|
||||
need_root
|
||||
local backup_dir="${2:-}"
|
||||
local backup_dir="${1:-}"
|
||||
[[ -n "$backup_dir" ]] || die "rollback requires a backup dir argument."
|
||||
[[ -d "$backup_dir" ]] || die "No such backup dir: $backup_dir"
|
||||
[[ -d "${backup_dir}/etc/apt" ]] || die "Backup dir missing etc/apt: $backup_dir"
|
||||
@@ -608,7 +592,6 @@ rollback_apply() {
|
||||
rm -rf /etc/apt
|
||||
cp -a "${backup_dir}/etc/apt" /etc/apt
|
||||
|
||||
# Restore disabled sources if present
|
||||
if [[ -d "${backup_dir}/disabled-sources" ]]; then
|
||||
info "Restoring disabled sources from ${backup_dir}/disabled-sources"
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d
|
||||
@@ -618,7 +601,7 @@ rollback_apply() {
|
||||
info "APT update after rollback..."
|
||||
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=3 update || true
|
||||
ok "Rollback of APT configuration completed."
|
||||
info "Note: This does NOT automatically remove Mint-installed packages. Use Timeshift/snapshot to fully revert the system state."
|
||||
info "Note: This does NOT automatically remove Mint-installed packages. Use Timeshift/snapshot to fully revert system state."
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
main() {
|
||||
@@ -628,14 +611,13 @@ main() {
|
||||
;;
|
||||
plan)
|
||||
preflight_common
|
||||
# plan requires keyring already present (or run convert once to install it)
|
||||
apt_simulate_with_temp_sources
|
||||
;;
|
||||
convert)
|
||||
convert_apply
|
||||
;;
|
||||
rollback)
|
||||
rollback_apply "$MODE" "$2"
|
||||
rollback_apply "${2:-}"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
*)
|
||||
usage
|
||||
@@ -644,4 +626,4 @@ main() {
|
||||
esac
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
main
|
||||
main "$@"
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user