linuxexpert-practice-labs/labs/linux-plus/2-1-1-files-and-directories/README.md

Linux+ 2.1.1: Files and directories

Building a directory tree, copying it with and without its attributes, comparing files, and identifying file types.

Before you start

Work as root, so ~ is /root. The lab only checks that /root/lab doesn't exist yet. Leave your work in place for grading: le-lab reset removes /root/lab. Write answers to the files in /root/lab-answers/.

Tasks

1. Create ~/lab/app with the subdirectories conf, logs and data, and a file ~/lab/app/conf/app.conf that contains Listen 80, with mode 640. Copy the tree once with cp -r to ~/lab/copy-r and once with cp -a to ~/lab/copy-a, and compare the modify times of the three app.conf files.
2. Change 80 to 8080 in ~/lab/copy-a/conf/app.conf only. Save the unified diff of the original against that copy in /root/lab-answers/2.
3. Find the most common file type among the files in /usr/bin, and write it (as file describes it, for example the text before the first comma) to /root/lab-answers/3.

Hints

• mkdir -p with a brace list, chmod, stat -c '%a %y %n'.
• sed -i, diff -u, sdiff, diff -rq.
• file /usr/bin/* | awk -F: '{print $2}' | cut -d, -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head.