linuxexpert-practice-labs/labs/ex294/9-5-file-content-and-archives/README.md

EX294 9.5: File content and archives

Change one line of a file whatever it says now, keep a block of lines up to date, and archive a directory on every node and fetch the archives.

Before you start

This VM is the control node. The lab creates the user greg (password Lab-Pass-1) with an SSH key, and installs ansible-core. Work as greg, in /home/greg/ansible: its ansible.cfg reads the inventory inventory, logs in as devops and becomes root. node1 is in the group webservers and node2 in dbservers. The community.general collection isn't installed yet.

The managed nodes node1 (10.99.1.11) and node2 (10.99.1.12) are AlmaLinux 10 containers, prepared as in chapter 3.1: devops takes greg's key and may use sudo without a password. Their /etc/ssh/sshd_config files say different things about PermitRootLogin. (Drop-ins of the node image in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ still allow root logins, and they win over sshd_config, so sshd -T keeps saying permitrootlogin yes; leave them.) For a root shell on a node, sudo podman exec -it node1 bash.

Tasks

1. Write /home/greg/ansible/sshd.yml to set PermitRootLogin no in /etc/ssh/sshd_config on every node, whatever the line says now, and restart sshd only if it changed. grep ^PermitRootLogin shows one line, and a second run doesn't restart sshd.

2. Add this three-line block to /etc/motd on every node, between markers:

   This node is managed by Ansible.
   Changes made by hand will be lost.
   Questions: [email protected]
   

   Then change the last line to Questions: [email protected] and run it again. The file has one block, with the new line, between the markers.

3. Archive /etc on every node as /root/etc.tar.bz2, and fetch them all to the control node, under /home/greg/ansible/backups/. backups/node1/root/etc.tar.bz2 and the other exist, and tar tjf lists them.

Hints

• ansible.builtin.lineinfile with a regexp that matches the line whatever its value, validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s, and a handler for the restart.
• ansible.builtin.blockinfile finds its own block again by its markers.
• ansible-galaxy collection install 'community.general:>=11,<12' (12 and later need a newer ansible-core) for community.general.archive (format: bz2); ansible.builtin.fetch with dest: backups/. tar tjf here needs the bzip2 package.